Environmental basis of disease 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyGeneticsUniversityNone Created by: ppogbaCreated on: 22-08-19 16:13 What are the 2 assumptions under Epidemiology? Disease does not occur randomly and has identifiable causes 1 of 6 What is pulmonary emphysema? enlargement of alveoli due to loss of elastin surrounding alveoli and destruction of cells in alveolar walls. 2 of 6 Healthy alveoli have a balance of Anti-proteases and proteases. Emphysema alveoli have an imbalance between the 2. What factors affect this? Genetic = decreased a-antitrypsin = decrease anti-protease. Environmental = inhaling toxins = increase protease. 3 of 6 What do macrophages in alveoli do in response to oxidative toxins entering? macrophages release chemotactic factors (eg. IL-8) and metalloprotease. The metalloprotease starts to damage alveolar cells. 4 of 6 Neutrophils in the alveoli are attracted by the IL-8. What does it then do? releases the protease, elastase. 5 of 6 What are the consequences of these 2 things occurring? decrease in SA of respiratory membrane = decreased gas exchange. Air trapped in alveoli during exhalation as theres no elastic recoil. 6 of 6
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