External factors and gender differences in achievement

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Equal Pay Act 1970
Illegal to pay women less than men for work of equal value
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Sex Discrimination Act 1975
Outlaws discrimination at work
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Pay gap since 1975
Halved from 30% to 15%
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Proportion of women in employment 1971
53%
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Proportion of women in employment 2013
67%
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Proportion of men in employment 1971
92%
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Proportion of men in employment 2013
76%
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Propotion of women in part-time employemnt 2013
42%
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Angela McRobbie (1994) study of girl's magazines
1970's they emphasised the importances of getting married now they contain images of independent women.
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Four major changes in the family sinces the 1970's
increase in divorce rate, increase in cohabitation, decrease in the number of first marriages, increase in the number of lone-parent families
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Sue Sharpe (1994) interviews with girls in the 1970s and 1990s
1974, girls had low aspirations; they believed educational success was unfeminine. By the 1990s girls were more likely to see their future as an independent woman with a career
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O'Connor (2006)
Study of 14-17 years olds, marriage and children were not a major part of their life plans
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Beck and Beck-Gernsheim (2001)
Trend towards individualisation in modern society, where independence in valued
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Carol Fuller (2011)
Educational success was a central aspect of the girls identit. They saw themselves as creators of their own future. But low-aspiring working-class girls were not interested in staying on at school and expressed a desire for low-level jos
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Diane Reay (1989)
Working-class girls have limited aspirations and perceive limited job opportunites. But traditinla gender indentity is attainable and offers status
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Biggart (2002)
Working-class girls are more likely to face precarious positions in the labour market, they then see motherhood as the only viable option for their futures
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Sex Discrimination Act 1975

Back

Outlaws discrimination at work

Card 3

Front

Pay gap since 1975

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Proportion of women in employment 1971

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Proportion of women in employment 2013

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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