Mixed sex conversation, males thought they used more non-standard forms than they did (covert prestige). Women did the opposite.
1 of 9
Cheshire
Young people, mixed gender conversations. Boys were converging and used vernacular forms to fit in.
2 of 9
Robin Lakoff
Deficit approach. Women spoke more about domestic chores, precise colour terms, empty adjectives, weak expletives (oh dear), tag questions, more euphemisms, hedges and fillers and intensifiers. This showed a lack of authority.
3 of 9
Janet Holmes
Looked at Lakoff's work and thought that this showed that women did have authority e.g. through use of hedges and fillers and tag questions).
4 of 9
Jenny Coates
Looked at young children. Girls play in small equal groups, whereas boys play in larger groups with a hierachy. Shows how girls learn co-operative strategies.
5 of 9
Jane Pilkington
There is a difference in the speech of males and females and that girls are more co-operative. In a group of same sex girls, more politeness strategies are used. (difference approach)
6 of 9
Koenraad Kuiper
Studied all male conversations in rugby changing rooms-there are less politeness strategies and insults are used as friendly jibes.Studied all female conversation when playing volleyball and they were more complimentary.
7 of 9
Zimmerman and West
'Dominance Approach'. Men are more dominant in mixed sex conversation and 96% of all interruptions in conversations were made by men.
8 of 9
Fishman
Women initiate more conversation and ask more questions in mixed gender conversations. In mixed sex conversations men spoke for twice as long as women.
9 of 9
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Young people, mixed gender conversations. Boys were converging and used vernacular forms to fit in.
Back
Cheshire
Card 3
Front
Deficit approach. Women spoke more about domestic chores, precise colour terms, empty adjectives, weak expletives (oh dear), tag questions, more euphemisms, hedges and fillers and intensifiers. This showed a lack of authority.
Back
Card 4
Front
Looked at Lakoff's work and thought that this showed that women did have authority e.g. through use of hedges and fillers and tag questions).
Back
Card 5
Front
Looked at young children. Girls play in small equal groups, whereas boys play in larger groups with a hierachy. Shows how girls learn co-operative strategies.
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