What was David Crystal's first stage of child language acquisition?
The Holophrastic stage - single word utterances or two words combined - 'Allgone'
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David Crystal's second stage of language acquisition?
The Two-word stage - generally a subject and verb - 'daddy gone'
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Crystal's third stage of language acquisition?
The Telegraphic Stage - 3 element sentences are now used, subject, verb and object. occasional addition of an adverbial - 'Daddy kick ball now' speech sounds like a telegram!
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Crystal's final stage of language acquisition?
The Post-Telegraphic Stage - Language becomes less telegraphic as children begin to fill out their sentences - from 'Daddy ssee car garden now' to 'My Daddy did see the black cat in the garden just now'
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What are the three main aims of CDS?
1) To attract and hold the baby's attention. 2) Help the process of breaking down language into understandable chunks. 3) Make the conversation more predictable by referring to the here-and-now.
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Features of CDS?
Higher pitch and exaggerated intonation, repeated sentence frames, repetition, questions and commands, pronoun avoidence strategies, absence of past tenses, one word utterances, simple sentence, no inflections/plurals, expansions and recasts
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CDS Supports which theorists?
Clarke-Stewart: children whose mothers talk more have larger vocabularies
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Katherine Nelson
expansions coupled with re-casting improves childern's ability to imitate (Skinner)
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Clark and Clark's
children who are only exposed to adult speech do not acquire the same standard of language as those whose parents speak to them directly in a modified manner.
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Wells
The rate of language development at 30 months is related tto the proportion of mother's speech during shared activities.
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Personal research
children who experience lots of CDS learn auxiliary verbs a lot quicker.
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CDS does not support?
Keith and Shuttleworth - CDS may be primarily social and not educational.
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Berko and Brown
the 'fis' phenomenon, babies do not hear themselves in the same way that they hear others and no amount of correction will change this.
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Brown, Cazden and Bellugi
parents often respond to the truth of what their baby is saying, rather than correcting them grammatically. e.g. a parent is more likely to respond to 'there doggy' with 'yes, its a dog' rather that 'No, it's there is a dog'
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
David Crystal's second stage of language acquisition?
Back
The Two-word stage - generally a subject and verb - 'daddy gone'
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