English Language A2

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What Period is between the dates of 1450 - 1700?
Early Modern English
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What Period is between the dates of 1050 - 1450
Middle English
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What Period is between the dates of 1900 - to present
Late Modern English
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What period is between the dates of 1700 - 1900
Modern English
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What happened in the year 1066?
The Norman Conquest
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What event took place in 1755?
Publication of Samuel Johnson's dictionary
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What year did Caxton's printing press come to Britain and what process did it begin?
1474 and Standardisation
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What was written in the Late C18 setting down rules for the English Language?
Grammar Books
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What else happened in the 15th and 16th Centuries?
The Great Vowel Shift
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What features do texts written before the C18 (1700's) contain?
Non Standardised spelling, archaic lexis, archaic inflections, archaic second person pronouns, lack of sentence boundaries, non-standard use of capitals and different uses of the verb 'do' and 'be'
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What do texts from the middle of the C18 to the early C20 typically contain?
Long Complex sentences, formal tenor, complex french/latinate lexis, some archaic lexis and subtle changes in meaning and grammar
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In the Early Modern English English Period what were still in use?
Inflections
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What should you look out for in the older texts?
Syntax inversion
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What is syntax inversion?
Where the nouns and verbs are switched round
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In more recent texts the word order is different often giving what to the text?
more formal tone
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What has happened to the second person pronouns 'thy' 'thee' 'thine' 'thou'?
They have dissapeared from English
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What do inflections indicate?
The tense/person/number or gender
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Where did Latin lexis come from and what centuries?
The Renaissance and C14/C15
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What is Archaic lexis?
words that you understand but are rarely used now
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What are Archaisms?
words that have gone out of the language altogether
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What does the use of latinate lexis do in a text?
used for prestige reasons to add fomality to a text
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What is broadening?
When a word gets additional meanings added to its original meaning over time
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What is narrowing?
When a words meanings become more specific over time
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What is a euphenism?
a polite way of saying something considered embarrasing or distateful
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What is amelioration?
when a words meanings become more positive over time
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What is Pejoration?
when a words meanings become more negative over time
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What else can create new meanings for a word
Metaphor
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What is Anglo-saxon lexis?
usually direct, simple and easy to understand
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What is French/Latinate lexis?
words tend to be longer and have more sophisticated connotations
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What is the process of creating new words called?
Coinage
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What is the term for when words are took from another language
Borrowing
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What is it called when you add an affix or prefix to an existing word?
Affixing
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What is the term for when two existing words are put together 'girlfriend'
Compounding
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What is the term when you put two words together to make one?
Blending
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What is it called when you make a word shorter
Shortening/Abbreviation
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What is the term called for when you shorten a noun so it becomes a verb?
Back Formation
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What is the term called for when you made a new word from the initials of the existing word
Acronym
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What is the term for when a word means something completely different over time?
Simple Shift
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When did Prescriptivism take place?
became firmly establised in the C18
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What was prescriptivism?
it was a trend to try and standardise the language
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What did 18th century grammarians do?
They found their way into school textbooks and sought to define the correct and incorrect usage of the language
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What Period is between the dates of 1050 - 1450

Back

Middle English

Card 3

Front

What Period is between the dates of 1900 - to present

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What period is between the dates of 1700 - 1900

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happened in the year 1066?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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