Usually formualic - a unit of conversation that contains one exchange each from (usually) two speakers.
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Back-channel features
Words, phrases and non-verbal utterances that give feedback to speaker and is encouraging
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Contraction
A reduced form of a word usually marked with an apostrophe eg "can't" "she'll"
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Deixis
A word or expression that cannot be fully understood without the context eg "she is annoying" or "over here"
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Discourse Markers
A word or phrase that organises discourse into segments eg "furthermore" "Next" "On the other hand"
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Dominant Speaker
The speaker who dominates the conversation ie they speak more than anyone else in the conversation
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Elision (ONE L)
The slurring (eliding) of one or more sounds or syllables eg "gonna" "canny" "wanna"
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Ellipsis (SPOKEN LANGUAGE)
The omission of part of a grammitical structure eg "You going dining centre?" "Might be" should be "Are you going to the dining centre?" "I might be."
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Ellipsis (LITERATURE)
The use of '...' in order to create tension, skip out words etc
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False starts
When a speaker begins an utterance and stops to repeat or reformulate -" Are - Are - Are you going to the club?"
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Fillers
Utterances with no conventional meaning but are inserted in speech to allow time to think, to create a pause or to hold a turn in conversation eg "um" "er"
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Hedge
Words or phrases that soften the force with which something is said eg "perhaps" "possibly" "Maybe he's just not in to you Karen"
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Idiolect
An individually distinctive style of speech eg "I call cakes big ol' cookies. I call noodles long-*** rice." (Parks and Recreation)
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Non-fluency features
Typical and normal characteristics of spoken langauge that interrupt the 'flow' of speech eg repitions, fillers, false starts.
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Para-linguistics
Related to body language which can sometimes add meaning or messages beyond the words being spoken
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Phatic talk
A purpose of speech. Has no concrete purpose other than the maintain personal relationship: small talk.
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Pragmatics
Contexts and purposes of people talking
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Sociolect
A social dialect used by a particular group eg wroking class have different speech patterns to the upper class
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Tag questions (GENDER LECT)
A question usually added to the end of a declarative - "It's cold out here, isn't it?" "Cats have feet, don't they?"
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Transactional talk
Purpose. Language used to get things done or to transmit content or information (normally used in transaction of goods and services)
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Vague Language
Statements that sound imprecise and unassertive eg "and so on" "whatsit"
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Back-channel features
Back
Words, phrases and non-verbal utterances that give feedback to speaker and is encouraging
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