English language- lexis, semantics and grammar

?
  • Created by: Katie7082
  • Created on: 20-11-17 11:44
Hypernym
Umbrella term
1 of 71
Hyponym
More specific term
2 of 71
Connotations
Associations a word has- culturally specific
3 of 71
Proper nouns
Given name for specific place, etc- need capital
4 of 71
Common noun
All other that don't need capital
5 of 71
Concrete noun
Physically exist
6 of 71
Abstract noun
Concepts- only exist in mind
7 of 71
Adjectives
Descriptive word- additional info about noun
8 of 71
Numerical adjective
'one of seven'
9 of 71
Superlative adjective
'closest'
10 of 71
Comparative adjective
'better'
11 of 71
Descriptive adjective
'sleek'
12 of 71
Noun phrase
Adjective alongside a noun- head noun on own, Determiner+head noun, Determiner+pre-modification+head noun
13 of 71
Euphemism
Mild indirect term when trying not to be blunt/play something down
14 of 71
Dysphemism
derogatory term instead of pleasant/neutral
15 of 71
Doublespeak
Language deliberately constructed to disguise actual meaning- used by gov
16 of 71
Innuendo
Indirect/subtle, usually derogatory implication in expression- relies on double meaning
17 of 71
Polysemic
Multiple meanings
18 of 71
Taboo
Prohibited by custom
19 of 71
Archaic language
No longer used- ocasional amongst certain groups
20 of 71
Obsolete
Not used at all
21 of 71
Pejoration
Meaning becomes more negative
22 of 71
Amelioration
Meaning becomes more positive
23 of 71
Neologism
New word, expression or usage
24 of 71
Blend
'Brexit' Beginning of one word, end of other
25 of 71
Compound
Two words put together/hyphonated
26 of 71
Initialism
Abreviation consisting of intial letters pronounced separately
27 of 71
Acronym
Word formed from initialism
28 of 71
Clipping
Word is reduced/shortened without changing meaning 'ad'
29 of 71
Eponym
New word derived from somebody's name/discovery 'Adam's apple'
30 of 71
Conversion
Creation of word from existing- changes word class 'google'-'google it'
31 of 71
Morpheme
Smallest meaningful unit- can't break down any further 'cat'
32 of 71
Prefixes
Morpheme added to start- can change meaning
33 of 71
Suffixes
Morphemes added to end
34 of 71
Inflections
Type of morpheme- changes grammar- tense, person or plural 'ed', 's'
35 of 71
Syntax
Word order within sentece- SVO (C- compliment, A-Adverbial)
36 of 71
Intransitive verb
Doesn't have object that is affected by verb 'I have eaten' - lack of object with the verb 'to be'
37 of 71
Copular veb
Needs a compliment not object 'I feel tierd'
38 of 71
Adverb
Describes manner 'quietly'- posiiton in clause = emphasis
39 of 71
Prepositional adverb
Describes place 'in bed'- positionin clause = emphasis
40 of 71
Time adverb
Describes when 'all day'- positionin clause = emphasis
41 of 71
Active voice
Object receives action- gives blame/ power or if agent is known- 'The dog bit the robber'
42 of 71
Passive voice
Removes the agent- subject receives action- more spotlight on action/if agent unknown / show empathy for recipient/ avoids blame/ if more than one agent- 'The robber was bitten'
43 of 71
Dynamic verb
Doing words
44 of 71
Stative verbs
Often long lasting state 'think', 'feel'
45 of 71
Imperative
Types: Commanding, inviting, advising, warning, requesting - Effects: power, wisdom brevity, directness
46 of 71
Declaratives
To convey info, factual or opinion- Effects: provide infor, details, descriptions, precise, imagery, convey feelings/viewpoints, intelect/wisdom, strengthens argument
47 of 71
Interrogatives
Types: open, closed, exclamatory, rhetorical, tag- Effects: Initiate convo, create solidarity, provoke thought, sarcasm, show schock, persuasive
48 of 71
Exclamatives
Types: Often single word/ short phrase - Effects: extent of reaction/emotion
49 of 71
Simple sentence
One main clause - Effects: Brevity, urgency, draw attention to key info, certainty
50 of 71
Compound sentence
Two main clauses- both could be on own - Effects: equal importance, cause and effect, emphasise contrast, uncertainty
51 of 71
Complex sentence
Main and subordinate, joined by subordinating conjunction - Effects: Extra info, shows influence each other, first clause=focus, emphasise contrast
52 of 71
Minor sentence
Subordinate on own - Effects: Dramatic, build tension, witholds info, encourages questions/imagination, urgency
53 of 71
Pronoun
Relaces noun
54 of 71
1st person
refers to themselves 'I', 'me', 'us', ' my', 'mine', 'our'
55 of 71
2nd person
Direct address 'you', 'yours'
56 of 71
3rd person
Refer to someone else 'they', 'him', 'she'
57 of 71
Subjective pronoun
'I talked to the girl'
58 of 71
Objective pronoun
'The girl talked to me'
59 of 71
Possessive pronoun
Shows possession 'my', 'your', 'his'
60 of 71
Reflexive pronoun
Refer back to another word in the sentence 'I talk to myself'
61 of 71
Demonstrative pronoun
Point out specific things 'this is', 'that is'- if fololowed by noun = determiner- deixis = need to be in context
62 of 71
Realtive pronoun
Links phrases/clauses 'whom', 'that', 'which'
63 of 71
Modal verbs
Types: permission, ability, obligation, possibility, volition, assumption, prediction
64 of 71
Epistemic modality
When modal used to express speaker's opinion about statement 'it might be true'
65 of 71
Denotic modality
When modal used to affect a situation, by giving permission 'you go go when you've finished'
66 of 71
Verb
Carries action/state
67 of 71
Auxiliary verb
Helping verb- be, have, do- support main verb
68 of 71
Modal verbs/auxiliaries
Need second/main verb 'you must sit down'
69 of 71
Instrumental power
Tell people what to do
70 of 71
Influential power
Power over opinions- persuasive
71 of 71

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

More specific term

Back

Hyponym

Card 3

Front

Associations a word has- culturally specific

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Given name for specific place, etc- need capital

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

All other that don't need capital

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar English Language resources:

See all English Language resources »See all Paper 1- representations resources »