English Language general linguistics glossary
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- Created by: Bunno2005_
- Created on: 03-10-21 12:39
What’s a simple sentence?
One main clause that stands on its own
Example: John eats steak
Example: John eats steak
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What’s a compound sentence?
Two main clauses joined together by a coordinating conjunction
Example: John eats steak and eats juice
Example: John eats steak and eats juice
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What’s a complex sentence?
One main clause and at least one subordinate clause joined together by a subordinating conjunction
Example: John eats steak and he drinks juice because this is his favourite meal
Example: John eats steak and he drinks juice because this is his favourite meal
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What’s a minor sentence?
A phrase which has only one constituent e.g. one verb on its own
Example: Steak and juice
Example: Steak and juice
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What’s a declarative sentence function?
A statement, a declaration
Example: She is 23 years old
Example: She is 23 years old
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What’s an imperative sentence function?
An order
Example: Sign this please
Example: Sign this please
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What’s an interrogative sentence function?
A question
Example: What wrong?
Example: What wrong?
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What’s an exclamatory sentence function?
Shouting
Example: I am annoyed!
Example: I am annoyed!
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What is a clause?
A phrase with a subject and a verb
Example: He drinks
Example: He drinks
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What’s a main (Independent) clause?
Can stand on its own
Example: HE DRINKS because he is thirsty
Example: HE DRINKS because he is thirsty
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What’s a subordinate (dependent) clause?
Is dependent on another clause for it to make sense
Example: he drinks BECAUSE HE IS THIRSTY
Example: he drinks BECAUSE HE IS THIRSTY
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What’s a subject clause?
The performer (agent) of the action in the sentence
Example: CHRIS wrote the letter in the kitchen
Example: CHRIS wrote the letter in the kitchen
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What is a direct object?
Directly affected by the verb
Example: Chris wrote THE LETTER in the kitchen
Example: Chris wrote THE LETTER in the kitchen
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What’s an indirect object?
Indirectly affected by the verb
Example: Chris wrote the letter IN THE KITCHEN
Example: Chris wrote the letter IN THE KITCHEN
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What’s the complement in a sentence?
The part of a sentence after the verb which completes it to make sense
Example: Chris wrote THE LETTER
Example: Chris wrote THE LETTER
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What is an adverbial of time?
A discourse marker which indicates the time
Example: Through the summer…
Example: Through the summer…
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What’s an adverbial of manner?
An adverb, expressing how something is done
Example: Slowly…
Example: Slowly…
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What’s an adverbial of place?
A discourse marker which indicates the place
Example: In the house…
Example: In the house…
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What is a phrase?
An individual constituent of a sentence
Example: The table
Example: The table
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What is the syntax?
The sentence structure
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What’s is fronting?
Putting something at the front of a sentence for meaning
Example: The chair, I want to buy it
Example: The chair, I want to buy it
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What is the active voice?
When the subject is performing the action (direct)
Example: The journalist wrote the newspaper
Example: The journalist wrote the newspaper
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What is the passive voice?
When the object is “performing” the actions (indirect)
Example: The newspaper was written (by the journalist)
Example: The newspaper was written (by the journalist)
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What is dialect?
The words/grammar linked to a particular geographical region
Example: ‘Duck’ as a term of endearment (Nottingham)
Example: ‘Duck’ as a term of endearment (Nottingham)
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What’s the conditional mood?
The idea of cause and effect
Example: If I work hard, I will reap the rewards
Example: If I work hard, I will reap the rewards
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What is person?
First second or third to reference the subject or object of the verb
Example: I, You, He
Example: I, You, He
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What’s singular?
One
Example: Him
Example: Him
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What’s plural?
Them
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What’s tense?
A more detailed marker of time to indicate past, present or future
Example: I eat dinner, I will eat dinner, I ate dinner
Example: I eat dinner, I will eat dinner, I ate dinner
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What’s a concrete noun?
A tangible object
Example: Table
Example: Table
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Whats a proper noun
The name of a person, place or brand
Example: X-box
Example: X-box
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Whats a abstract noun?
A concept or feeling
Example: Atmosphere
Example: Atmosphere
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Whats a gerund noun?
A verb behaving as the noun in a sentence
Example: The WRITING of this sentence
Example: The WRITING of this sentence
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Whats a pronoun?
A word used to replace the original name and avoid repetition
Example: First- I, me, my
Second- You. Your, yours
Example: First- I, me, my
Second- You. Your, yours
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Whats an adjective
Describing the quality of an object
Example: BLUE eyes
Example: BLUE eyes
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Whats a superlative adjective?
Representing the quality of an object as being the most of something
Example: His eyes are the BLUEST
Example: His eyes are the BLUEST
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Whats a dynamic verb?
An action which is tangible
Example: Walking
Example: Walking
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Whats a stative verb?
An action which is more subtle and abstract
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Whats a deontic modal verb?
A verb which denotes obligation and certainty
Example: Will, must
Example: Will, must
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What’s an epistemic modal verb?
A verb which denotes choice and possibility
Example: Can, may
Example: Can, may
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What’s an adverb?
Describing the way an action is carried out
Example: she ran QUICKLY
Example: she ran QUICKLY
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What’s a preposition?
A word used to indicate a location, position or relation to something else
Example: The troll lived UNDER the bridge
Example: The troll lived UNDER the bridge
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What’s context?
The wider non-lingustic variables which impact the way language is produced and received
Example: age of speaker, genre of writing
Example: age of speaker, genre of writing
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What’s an inference?
An interpretation based on evidence provided
Example: Using a metaphor to represent an attitude or meaning
Example: Using a metaphor to represent an attitude or meaning
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What is irony?
Using language which would normally signify the opposite
Example: The irony of having all the money you could ever want and not having the desire to buy anything
Example: The irony of having all the money you could ever want and not having the desire to buy anything
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What is genre?
The type of text- its form
Example: Newspaper, speech
Example: Newspaper, speech
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What’s ideology?
The values and belief system created through language
Example: Political, Social, Educational
Example: Political, Social, Educational
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What is representation?
The meanings and themes created by language use
Example: use of colour to represent danger, sadness etc
Example: use of colour to represent danger, sadness etc
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What is a euphemism?
A more pleasant way of saying something which would originally be considered blunt
Example: Passed away (died)
Example: Passed away (died)
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What is a semantic field?
Words which can be grouped together by meanings, themes, imagery etc
Example: Semantic field of peace = tranquil, calm, serenity
Example: Semantic field of peace = tranquil, calm, serenity
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What is mode?
The type/form/genre of text/language
Example: Letter, speech, diary
Example: Letter, speech, diary
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Two main clauses joined together by a coordinating conjunction
Example: John eats steak and eats juice
Example: John eats steak and eats juice
Back
What’s a compound sentence?
Card 3
Front
One main clause and at least one subordinate clause joined together by a subordinating conjunction
Example: John eats steak and he drinks juice because this is his favourite meal
Example: John eats steak and he drinks juice because this is his favourite meal
Back
Card 4
Front
A phrase which has only one constituent e.g. one verb on its own
Example: Steak and juice
Example: Steak and juice
Back
Card 5
Front
A statement, a declaration
Example: She is 23 years old
Example: She is 23 years old
Back
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