English Lang terms

Phonetics & Phonology- how speech and sounds are articulated and analysed

Discourse- extended stretches of communication

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Pragmatics- contextual aspects of language use

Graphology- visual aspects of text design and appearance

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Mode- Speech and writing are different modes. Digital communication draws on both modes and is seen as a hybrid form

Mixed mode- used to describe digital communication

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register- a form of specialised language

polysyndetic listing- repeated conjunctions between each item

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asyndetic listing- no conjunctions between each item

syndetic listing- conjunctions

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parataxis- I Came, I Saw, I Conquered. the placing of related clauses in a series without the use of connecting words

anaphora -repetition of a word or words at the beginning of successive clauses

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antecedent- the word/clause/phrase the pronoun replaces

inflectional suffix- changes no tense or degree

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derivational suffix- changes meaning of word or word class

Bound Morpheme- 'ed' cannot stand alone

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Free Morpheme- can stand alone with a specific meaning, for example, eat, date, weak.

epizeuxis- same word or phrase repeated in a succession in the same sentence/line

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hypernym- words that label categories

subordinator/conjunction- links clauses together

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mitigated directive- suggestion rather than direct command

transitive verb -requires object to complete action. 'Played'

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active voice - S-V-O

passive voice- O-V-S

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hypophora- when a rhetorical question is immediately followed by answer

personal deixis- who: I, me, you

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reflexive pronoun: -self, -selves

relative pronoun- link different parts of a sentence (that, which, whose)

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portmanteau- the creation of a new word through a combination of two existing words

demonstrative pronoun- point to things (this, that)

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metonymy- a thing or concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with it. The Press

parallelism- foregrounding by setting up textual patterns

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external deviation- breaking normal conventions of language, e.g. nonsensical or ungrammatical constructions

internal deviation- breaking pattern that has previously been set up in text

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schema- relevant associated knowledge

assonance- pattern of repeated vowel sounds for effect

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Amelioration- A change in the meaning of a word so it becomes more positive

Conceit- A deliberately elaborate, extended metaphor

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Collocation- Groups of words that are commonly found alongside each other

Head Word- The main word in a phrase. Noun phrase/verb phrase

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Exophoric reference: making reference to things beyond the language of a text itself (as opposed to endophoric, which is within the language of the text), perhaps within a speaker’s immediate physical context e.g. “Look at that”.

Cataphoric reference: making reference forwards to something as yet unidentified in a text. E.g. “It was warm. It was living. It was a rabbit.”

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Ordinal number/ cardinal number,

Litotes- deliberate downplay

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Diachronic change- the historical development of language

Synchronic change- language change at a particular point in time

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Fricative Plosive Nasal consonant

Subordination- the joining of two clauses giving one more weight than the other

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Parallel Clause - join parallel structures is with the use of coordinating conjunctions such as "and" or "or."

Synthetic personalisation- making it seem as if text receivers are being addressed as individuals rather than a mass

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English Lang terms

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