English Lang spoken language terminology

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  • Created by: choll333
  • Created on: 20-01-21 14:33
Hesitation indicator
Moments in discourse that indicate the speaker is in some way playing for time.
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Filler
The insertion of words, phrases, or sounds in a speaker's discourse. Eg, erm, um, like.
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Running repair
The process of socially organising a conversation if two people find that they have been talking simultaneously.
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Interrupted construction
The breakdown of an utterance where the speaker will change topic, tact, or focus and move onto something else. Sometimes, they can completely abandon the utterance mid-word.
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Conversational request
An interrogative that requires an open response. Eg, 'What do you think about..'
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Conversational question
An interrogative that requires a closed response, usually answered by yes/no.
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Conversational offer
A declarative that functions to instigate a conversation, usually requiring some kind of experiential knowledge. Eg, 'I've read that book'
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Conversation conventions
The etiquette for conversing with people. Examples include listen before speaking and not interrupting someone who is speaking.
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Topic marker
An utterance that establishes the topic of a conversation.
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Topic shifter
An utterance that moves a conversation onto another topic.
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Tag question
A question at the end of a statement. Eg, 'It's cold, isn't it?'
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Elision
The omission of a vowel or syllable in the pronunciation of a word, or the omission of a vowel at the end of a word when the subsequent word begins with a vowel.
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Ellipsis
The omission or leaving out of words in conversation as the person being spoken to understands what is being said. Eg, 'Boss isn't here' omits the word 'The' from the beginning, yet can still be understood.
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Glottal stop
The omission of dental sounds in words such as butter, litter and letter. They can occur at the ends of words such as 'what.'
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Paralanguage
The non-lexical component of speech to convey emotion, modify meaning, or nuanced meaning. Eg, pitch, intonation and body language.
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Prosody
The elements of speech that are not individual phonetic segments, but are properties of syllables and larger units of speech.
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Pitch
The rise and fall of the voice.
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Intonation
The rise and fall of an individual's natural speaking voice or the variation or tune to keep listeners interested. Different languages have different intonation qualities.
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Stress
Emphasis given to sounds, words, or phrases.
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Accommodation
Where a speaker in a conversation changes their diction, accent, or aspects of their language to match the other speaker.
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Adjacency pairs (broken)
An example of conversational turn-taking. It is a two-part exchange where the second utterance is functionally dependent on the first.
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Diphthong
When there is a double vowel sound within a word.
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Phoneme
A sound or group of sounds perceived to have the same function.
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Idiolect
The speech patterns of an individual.
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Sociolect
The vocabulary and spoken grammar which is particular to a certain social group.
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Dialect
A particular form of language used by a particular social group or region.
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IPA
The symbols used to represent pronunciation of vowel and consonant sounds, including diphthongs.
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Conversational implicature
A conversation convention where a statement has an intended effect other than its surface meaning. Eg, 'It's hot in here' can also mean 'Close the window.'
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Subtext
Content under spoken discourse such as emotions.
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Implicit meaning
Something that can be understood that is not clearly stated.
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Vocative address
A direct reference to another speaker in discourse.
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Conversation cues
Paralinguistic and verbal signals that indicate turn-taking should take place, a conversation is due to end, or someone wants to talk.
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Deixis
When utterances require contextual information in order to make sense. It is prominent in restrictive code (context-bound speech)
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Turn-taking
Co-ordinated and rule governed cooperation between two or more participants of a conversation.
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Back-channelling
The process of giving feedback through encouraging noises and positive comments when a speaker is talking to show interest and encourage them.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The insertion of words, phrases, or sounds in a speaker's discourse. Eg, erm, um, like.

Back

Filler

Card 3

Front

The process of socially organising a conversation if two people find that they have been talking simultaneously.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

The breakdown of an utterance where the speaker will change topic, tact, or focus and move onto something else. Sometimes, they can completely abandon the utterance mid-word.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

An interrogative that requires an open response. Eg, 'What do you think about..'

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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