English Keywords

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define synonym
words with the same meaning
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define antonym
words with contrasting meaning
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define hypernym
words which label categories e.g animals
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define hyponyms
words which can be placed in categories e.g cat, dog
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define audience
who the text is intended for
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define purpose
what the text is for
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define register
the level of formality
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define context of production
intended writer
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define context of reception
intended reader
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define jargon
specialist lexicon
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define sociolect
language of social groups
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define dialect
language of certain geographical locations
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define semantics
understanding of words
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define semantic non-equivalence
words meant to be equal in meaning but aren't
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define denotation
dictionary definition
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define connotation
cultural meaning
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define collocation
two words commonly used together
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define metaphor
saying something is something else
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define semantic field
words in a similar field of reference
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define dysphemisms
maximise brutality
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define euphemisms
obscure meaning
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define neologisms
new words
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define blending
merging of two words e.g chillax
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define compounding
two words together e.g carpark
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define acronym
NASA
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define initialisms
BBC
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define eponym
product named after the maker e.g hoover
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define narrowing
less meanings over time
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define broadening
more meaning over time
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define amelioration
better meaning over time
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define pejoration
worse meaning over time
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define lexis
words
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what are the two word classes?
lexical (open class) and grammatical (closed class)
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what are the 8 word types?
verbs, adverbs, adjectives, nouns, pronouns, determiners, conjunctions and prepositions
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define nouns
objects and things
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what is a proper noun?
a place or person (capital letters)
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what are concrete and abstract nouns?
concrete = table, abstract= dream
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what are verbs?
doing words
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what are dynamic and stative verbs?
dynamic = to jump, stative = to feel
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what are auxiliary, modal and phrasal verbs?
auxiliary = to be/to have/to do, modal = would/should/could, phrasal = more than one word to patronise- to look down on
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what are adverbs?
they modify verbs to give info about time (yesterday), place (here) and manner (quickly)
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what are adjectives?
describing words, superlatives (biggest) or comparatives (bigger)
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what are pronouns?
take the place of nouns, possessive (my) and reflexive (myself)
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what are determiners?
come before the noun and tell you what it refers to, articles - definite/indefinite, possessives, demonstratives or qualifiers
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what are conjunctions?
link sentences coordinating (FANBOYS) or subordinating
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what are prepositions?
show where something is
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define morphemes
smallest unit of grammar and meaning
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define syntax
sentence order and structure
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define free morphemes
can stand on its own e.g jump
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define affix (bound morpheme)
suffix of prefix, can't stand alone
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define inflectional function
when an affix creates a change in tense/number e.g happiest
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define derivational function
when an affix changes the meaning of a word e.g unhappy
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define graphology
a texts visual features
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define layout
physical structure of a text
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define typographical
features of fonts e.g font, size and colour
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define orthographical
features of writing e.g spelling, capitalisation and punctuation
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define multimodal text
a text that relies on different modes
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define discourse markers
words or phrases which organise a text
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define adjuncts
unnecessary elements of clauses
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define disjuncts
adverbs which express an attitude of the material to follow
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define anaphoric reference
referring back to something already identified
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define cataphoric reference
referring forward to something not yet identified
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define exophoric reference
refers to something outside of the text
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define endophoric reference
refers to something inside the text
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define intertextuality
using discourse from one field inside another
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define pragmatics
implied meaning
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define implicature
implied meaning as a result of a broken maxim
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define inference
spotting an implied meaning
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define irony
an implied attitude beyond literal meaning
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define deixis
context bound words
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define speech acts
words or phrases carrying meaning beyond the text
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define positive politeness
awareness of others needs in communication
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define negative politeness
freedom to express own identity and choices
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define face
how all communication relies on presenting a face
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define cooperative principles
interaction is based on cooperative principles
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

define antonym

Back

words with contrasting meaning

Card 3

Front

define hypernym

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

define hyponyms

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

define audience

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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