Energy Balance

Created by: Becca
Created on: 22-12-13 22:04

How many kJ in 1 kCal? What are the kCal & kJ per gram for carbohydrates, protein, fat & alcohol?

1 kCal = 4.184 kJ. CHOs: 4 kCal = 17 kJ. Protein: 4 kCal = 17kJ. Fat: 9 kCal = 37 kJ. Alcohol: 7 kCal = 29.5 kJ

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How do you estimate energy/nutrient intake?

Determine the amount of food eaten (weighed record, diar record, recall questions). Energy/nutrient content (direct analysis of food & urinary/***** loss, food composition). Bomb calorimeter (heat of food combustion measured from rise in water temp)

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What are the components of energy expenditure? What % of total energy expenditure do they count for?

BMR/RMR accounts of 60-70%. Energy expenditure of physical activity (EEA) accounts for 25-30%. Diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT, increase metabolic rate after meal) accounts for 10%

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What are the components of basal metabolic rate? What % of BMR do they count for?

Heart/respiratory functions (10%). Protein turnover (25%). Fat/CHO turnover. Maintenance of ion gradients across membranes

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What is the thermic effect of exercise & illness on EE (energy expenditure)/RMR?

Exercise: sedentary 10% of EE, athlete 15-30%. Illness: partial starvation -10-40% of RMR, post-operative +10%, multiple fractures +10-30%, severe infection +30-6-%, 3rd degree burns +50-100%

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What does indirect calorimetry measure?

Calculates the amount of energy expended by measuring the amount of oxygen utilized. 1L oxygen = 20 kJ or 5 kCal

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Define respiratory exchange ratio (RER)/respiratory quotient (RQ)

The ratio of the rate of carbon dioxide produced to the rate of oxygen uptake. RER = VCO2/VO2

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Why is the RER useful?

RER is a valuable indicator or substrate oxidation, that is the relative amounts of carbohydrate and fat being oxidized for energy production (CHO=1.0 RER, fat=0.7 RER)

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What can be measured to estimate body composition?

Body density (underwater weighing). Body water (use of isotope dilution). Electrical conductivity (bioelectrical impedance). Body fat (skinfold thickness, DEXA). Anthropometry (BMI, waist/hip ratio, weight/height/waist circumference)

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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How do you estimate energy/nutrient intake?

Back

Card 3

Front

What are the components of energy expenditure? What % of total energy expenditure do they count for?

Back

Card 4

Front

What are the components of basal metabolic rate? What % of BMR do they count for?

Back

Card 5

Front

What is the thermic effect of exercise & illness on EE (energy expenditure)/RMR?

Back

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Energy Balance