Energy systems A'level PE

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  • Created by: mduffield
  • Created on: 06-04-21 12:32
What is ATP and explain how it provides us with energy? (5)
Adenosine Triphosphate
Only usable energy source in the body
Made up of 1 Adenosine and 3 phosphates
Broken down by ATPase
Produces ADP + P + Energy (exothermic)
Lasts 2-3 secs of energy
E.g. Shot put through
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What are the 3 ways of re-synthesising ATP and what is the energy yield for each?
ATP/PC system (Phosphocreatine) - 1 ATP
Lactic acid system (anaerobic glycolysis) - 2 ATP
Aerobic system - 38 ATP
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Explain how the Lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis) system is used to produce energy (6)
Takes place in the muscle sarcoplasm
Glycogen broken down to glucose (by GPP)
Glucose broken down to pyruvic acid (by PFK)
2 ATP produced
Pyruvic Acid broken down to Lactic acid (by LDH)
Provides 1-2 mins of energy
3 of 12
Explain how the Phosphocreatine (ATP/PC)
system is used to produce energy. (5)
Takes place in the muscle sarcoplasm.
PC is broken down by Creatine kinase to a phosphate and a creatine (exothermic).
Free phosphate joins ADP to produce ATP (endothermic)
1 ATP produced per PC
Lasts about 8-10 secs.
E.g. 100m sprint
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What are the 3 stages of the aerobic system and what is the energy yield for each stage?
Aerobic Glycolysis - 2 ATP
Kreb Cycle - 2 ATP
Electron Transport Chain - 34 ATP
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The first stage of the aerobic system is Aerobic Glycolysis, explain how this works. (5)
Takes place in the muscle sarcoplasm
Glycogen broken down to glucose (by GPP)
Glucose broken down to pyruvic acid (by PFK)
2 ATP produced
Pyruvic acid combines with co-enzyme A
Forms Acetyl CoA
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The second stage of the aerobic system is the
Kreb cycle, explain how this works. (6)
Takes place in the Matrix of the Mitochondria
Acetyl CoA combines with Oxaloacetic acid
Fatty acids converted to Acetyl CoA
Beta Oxidation occurs
Citric Acid formed and enters Kreb Cycle
2 ATP created
Carbon dioxide and Hydrogen are given off
Oxaloacetic
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The third stage of the aerobic system is the
Electron Transport Chain, explain how this
works. (5)
Takes place in the Cristae of the Mitochondria
Hydrogen carried to the ETC
Hydrogen splits in to Hydrogen ions and electrons
These are charged with potential energy
Hydrogen ions are oxidised to form water.
Hydrogen Electrons pass down ETC to produce
34
8 of 12
Describe the Alactacid (fast) component
of EPOC. (4)
Involves the re-synthesis of ATP and PC
Involves the re-saturation of myoglobin
Requires about 3-4 litres of oxygen
Full recovery takes about 3 mins
50% recovered in 30 seconds
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What does EPOC stand for and what are the
2 components? (2)
Excess post exercise oxygen consumption
Alactacid and Lactacid components
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Describe the Lactacid (slow) component
of EPOC (4)
Involves replenishing Glycogen stores
Requires removal/conversion of lactic acid
Requires 5-6 litres of oxygen in first 30 mins
Takes 1 -48 hours depending on
intensity/duration
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What is VO2 max/OBLA/Lactate threshold?
(3)
VO2 max - max amount of oxygen that can be
consumed and used in 1 min
OBLA - Onset of blood lactate accumulation
(above 4mmol per litre)
Lactate threshold - The point during exercise when lactic acid quickly accumulates in the blood (usually expressed a
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the 3 ways of re-synthesising ATP and what is the energy yield for each?

Back

ATP/PC system (Phosphocreatine) - 1 ATP
Lactic acid system (anaerobic glycolysis) - 2 ATP
Aerobic system - 38 ATP

Card 3

Front

Explain how the Lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysis) system is used to produce energy (6)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain how the Phosphocreatine (ATP/PC)
system is used to produce energy. (5)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the 3 stages of the aerobic system and what is the energy yield for each stage?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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