Energy and fluids revision

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Energy questions
Energy answers
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What is energy measured in?
Joules or kilojoules.
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What is temperature measured in?
Degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit.
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What is the difference between energy and temperature?
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold a substance is, but the amount of energy is how much the particles vibrates.
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What happens when you heat up solids, liquids and gases?
Its particles move faster and spread out more causing solid-liquid and liquid-gas.
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What is conduction?
Conduction is the transfer of thermal energy through the vibration of particles. This means an that area on a solid has more thermal energy than another area and the heat is transferred to give the whole solid the same amount of thermal energy.
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What is convection?
Convection is the transfer of thermal energy in a liquid or gas. As the area near the heat source gets hotter, it rises. This means the colder area is now near the heat source and the hotter area cools down, later sinking back down. This is boiling.
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Which reduces energy loss more, thermal insulators or thermal conductors?
Thermal insulators as they keep the energy inside but thermal conductors spread the energy.
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State a source of infrared radiation and how it works.
The police use an infrared camera to follow criminals from a helicopter at night. It works as the hotter an object, the more infrared radiation it gives out. Living things are very hot meaning they show as a red colour unlike their blue surroundings.
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Energy can not be...
Energy can not be created or destroyed only transferred from one store to another.
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Fluids questions
Fluids answers
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What are the three states of matter?
Solid, liquid and gas.
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What is the arrangement of a solid?
All particles touching, a pattern and no gaps.
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What is the arrangement of a liquid?
Some particles touching, no pattern and some gaps.
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What is the arrangement of a gas?
No particles touching, no pattern and spread out.
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What are the properties of the three states of matter?
A solid has a fixed shape and does not flow but a liquid and gas don't have a fixed shape and do flow. Solids and liquids can be compressed but a gas can't.
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What is the effect of boiling point?
The particles gain energy meaning they move more which causes them to spread out.
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What is the effect of melting point?
The particles lose energy meaning they move less which causes them to move closer together.
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What is evaporation?
When a liquid is being boiled, it begins to turn into a gas, therefore, steam comes off it. This is some of the liquids particles moving around faster and spreading out to make a gas.
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What is condensing?
It is when a gas hits a surface colder than it, it begins to become a liquid. Condensation is the gas' particles moving slower and getting closer together to make a liquid.
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What is sublimation?
When a solid becomes a gas as the solids particles gained so much energy they began to spread out into a gas.
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What is diffusion? Give an example.
Diffusion is the spreading out of particles from an area with lots of particles to an area with not as many. E.g. if someone sprayed perfume in one area, soon the whole room would smell it.
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What affects the rate of diffusion?
It is affected by the temperature (the higher the temperature the faster the diffusion) and the size of the particles (the smaller and lighter the particles are the faster they diffuse).
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What is gas pressure? Give an example.
When the particles of a gas collide with the outside of a container pushing it with a force. E.g. when you blow into a balloon.
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What affects gas pressure?
It is affected by the amount of particles (more particles increases it) and the temperature (higher temperature makes the particles move faster).
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is energy measured in?

Back

Joules or kilojoules.

Card 3

Front

What is temperature measured in?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the difference between energy and temperature?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What happens when you heat up solids, liquids and gases?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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