Endoparasites

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  • Created by: Cal1234
  • Created on: 03-04-19 09:36
What is another name for tapeworms
Cestodes
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What is another name for roundworms
Nematodes
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What is another name for flukes
Trematodes
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What is a direct lifecycle
Free living larvae mature in the environment and then infect the definitive host
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What is an indirect lifecycle
Initial development within intermediate hosts
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What is the pre-patent period
The period between infection and the time in which it can be detected in the host
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What is the cycle called when a parasite uses an intermediate host
Sylvatic cycle
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What are the 4 types of cestodes
Dipydidium caninum, echinococcus granulosus, echinococcus multilocularis, Taenia spp.
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What is the Rostellum of a cestode
The anterior part of scolex, protrusible cone has hooks
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What is the scolex of a cestode
the head
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What is a strobila of a cestode
chain of segments
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What is the proglottid of a cestode
individual segments filled with eggs
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How do cestodes infect their intermediate host
Mature proglottids detach from worm in intestines of definitive host, segments are passed into environment, the single segments are motile and sticky, the outer layer bursts releasing eggs with care ingested by intermediate host
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What is Dipydidium caninum also know as
the flea tape worm
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What are the 2 intermediate hosts of dipydidium caninum
Fleas and dog biting lice (Trichodectes canis)
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What are the characterisitics of dipydidium caninum (eggs and clinical signs)
eggs packets very distinctive, tend not to cause clinical signs apart from anal irritation when segments migrate
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What are the 3 intermediate hosts of echinococcus granulosus
sheep, cattle, humans, larvae produce hydatid cyst in intermediate hosts
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How do echinococcus infect their definitive host (dog)
Passed in dog faeces and intermediate hosts ingests eggs, hydatid cyst develops inside intermediate host, dog ingests cyst via offal
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What makes echinococcus granulosus zoonotic
eggs remain in environment for up to 1 year, eggs contaminate veg/drinking water, growth occurs over 10-20 years
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What is the definitive host of echinococcus multilocularis
foxes (dogs)
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What are the intermediate hosts of echinococcus multilocularis
small mammals e.g. voles
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What does echinococcus multilocularis cause is humans and what is disease pathphysiology
alveolar echinococcus - multiple cysts form in liver which can disseminate into blood steam and spread throughout body
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How to definitive hosts of Taenia app. become infected
Definitive hosts are infected with tapeworms through ingesting cyst in raw meat or offal
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What is the intermediate host of cestodes in species such as Birds, rabbits, mice, rats, hamsters
beetle or mite
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What are the characteristics of Nematodes
Cylinderical, tapered appearance. Larvae migrate through body before reaching predilection site, eggs have tick pitted shell, not usually infective immediately
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What is a common type of Nematodes
Ascarids - host specific
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What are the three most common ascarids
Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati, Toxascaris leonina
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What species does Toxocara canis infect
dogs
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Are toxocara canis zoonotic
yes
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What are the four ways toxocara canis is transmitted
direct, transplacental, transmammary, predation of host
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How does toxocara canis infect dogs
Egg wall very thick - resistant, eggs can survive in environment for up to two years, infective larvae is ingested, migrates through hepatic portal vein to lungs, coughed up and swallowed again to reach intestines
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...
some do not make it to the lungs and lay dormant in tissues. In pregnancy, hormones activate dormant larvae causing transplacental transmission - migrate to foetal liver, transmammary transmission - larvae passed into milk
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what can toxocara canis cause in humans
blindness as they migrate to eye - ocular larval migraines
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what species does toxocara cati infect
cats
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is toxocara cati zoonotic
yes
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What is the appearance of toxocara cati
adults have arrow shaped wings to head (alae)
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What are the 3 ways toxocara cati is transmitted
transmammary , intermediate host, direct faecal
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What are the characteristics of Toxocara Leonina
Less common, direct transmission or ingestion of host, not zoonotic, no transplacental or transmammary transmission
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What are the two most common hookworms and what do they infect
Uncinaria stenocephala - dogs, Anyclostoma caninum - dogs and cats
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What are the characteristics of hook worm and how do they infect
Stout worm with hooked heads. Attach to intestinal mucosa, use teeth to damage surface and feed off tissue fluids. Infective larvae can penetrate skin (zoonotic)
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How is Uncinaria stenocephala transmitted
direct transmission
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How is Anyclostoma caninum transmitted
transmammary, direct
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What is the latin name for whipworm
Trichuris vulpis
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what are the characteristics of trichuris vulpis
Worms burrow into mucosa of LI, distinct lemon shaped head, can survive for 4-5 years in ground
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What is the latin name for heart worm
Dirofilaria immitis
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What is the intermediate host of dirofilaria immitis
mosquito
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What is the pathophysiology of Dirofilaria immitis
Adult worms live in pulmonary arteries, females lay eggs in blood, can cause right sided heart failure
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What is the latin name for lungworm
Angiostrongylus vasorum
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What are the 2 intermediate hosts of Angiostrongylus vasorum
snails, frogs
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What is the pathophysiology of Angiostrongylus vasorum
adult worms live in pulmonary arteries, eggs hatch in lungs, coughed up and swallowed, passed in faeces and ingestion of larvae by intermediate hosts, causes respiratory sings or clotting disorders
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What is the name of the dog lungworm
Oslerus osleri
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What is the pathophysiology of oslerus osleri
Adult worm lives in tracheal bifurcation, larvae coughed up and swallowed, transmitted via saliva or faeces
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What is the name of the cat lungworm
Aelurostrongylus abstrusus
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What is the pathophysiology of aelurostrongylus abstrusus
Adult worm live in lung tissue, eggs are coughed up and swallowed, shed in faeces ingested by molluscs which may pass through frogs and mice which are ingested by cats, not symptomatic, 25% of cats are carriers
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What is the name for bladder and liver worms
Capillaria spp.
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What is the name of bladder worms of dogs which eggs are passed in urine
Capillaria plica
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What is the name of the rat liver parasite in which eggs are only released when the rat dies and may infect cats, dogs and humans causing liver disease
Capillaria hepatica
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Card 4

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Card 5

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