What 2 main parts of the brain control homoeostatic mechanisms?
hypothalamus and pituitary gland are 'masters' as they control other endocrine glands. Hypothalamus controls pituitary gland though!
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The hypothalamus secretes which hormone? Where does it go and how does it get there?
Hypophysiotropic hormones, goes to the anterior pituitary gland via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
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What are the 3 mechanisms of hypothalamic control over endocrine function by the hypothalamus?
Secretion of regulatory hormones to control activity of anterior pituitary, production of ADH and oxytocin,, control of sympathetic output to adrenal medulla
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What does the sympathetic output of the adrenal medulla do?
Secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine
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Name 3 hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland and what do they do?
ACTH stimulates adrenal medulla to regulate energy use, TSH stimulates thyroid gland to increase metabolic rate, FSH to stimulate sperm production and egg development
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What 2 hormones are released by the posterior pituitary gland and how?
Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones are made in the hypothalamus and stored in nerve endings of the posterior pituitary gland before being released in pulses
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What are the features of the posterior pituitary gland in terms of hormone production? How are hormones released?
PPG doesn't make hormones but releases them in axon terminals containing hypothalamic neurons which release oxytocin and antidiuretic hormones as neurotransmitters
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What does ADH (anti diuretic hormone) do?
decreases urine production, decreases sweating, increases BP
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How is oxytocin involved in birth/post-birth care?
enhances uterine muscle contraction and causes muscle contraction in mammary gland to eject milk
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Name 3 other hormones produced by anterior pituitary glands?
Growth hormones, LH= stimulates ovulation by progesterone/estrogen production, prolactin produces mammary gland production and lactation
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What are the 2 types of hormones rpoduced by thyroid gland and what do they do?
T3/T4- Responsible for metabolic rate, breakdown of fats and ATP production, calcitonin-responsible for bone production
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What are the specific functions of T3/4?
maintain body temp, sympathetic fight or flight response, increase O2 uptake, increase bone turnover, protein synthesis and lipid breakdown
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What are the specific functions of calcitonin?
Released by thyroid gland in response to high levels of calcium in blood, encourages calcium salt deposit in bone matrix which lowers calcium deposit in blood
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Name a disease related to thyroid glands
Congenital hypothyroidism- abnormal bone development, low body temp, lethargy, mental retardation
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Name the 4 parathyroid glands
left superior, right superior, left inferior, right inferior
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What part of the parathyroid glands produce the parathyroid hormone?
PTH produced in principal cells
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What does PTH do and which hormone does it oppose?
increases osteoclast activity, increases ca2+ reabsorption by kidney, opposite function of calcitonin
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The hypothalamus secretes which hormone? Where does it go and how does it get there?
Back
Hypophysiotropic hormones, goes to the anterior pituitary gland via the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
Card 3
Front
What are the 3 mechanisms of hypothalamic control over endocrine function by the hypothalamus?
Back
Card 4
Front
What does the sympathetic output of the adrenal medulla do?
Back
Card 5
Front
Name 3 hormones are released by the anterior pituitary gland and what do they do?
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