Endocrine

?
Reproduction, growth and development, maintenance of electrolyte, water, nutrient balance, regulation of the cellular metabolism and energy balance, mobilization of body defences
All things hormones control
1 of 83
Endocrine organs are
Small and unipressive
2 of 83
___________ produce non hormonal substances such as sweat and saliva, they have ducts that carry these substances to a membrane surface
Exocrine glands
3 of 83
___________ are ductless glands and produce hormones, they release them into the surrounding tissue fluid - they have a large vascular and lymphatic drainage
Endocrine glands
4 of 83
Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal and hypothalamus
Endocrine glands
5 of 83
Adipose cells release _________
Leptin
6 of 83
Long distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lymph throughout the body
Hormones
7 of 83
The third hormone class of eicosanoids consists of
Leukotriens and prostaglandins
8 of 83
If a cell has a receptor for a particular hormone, it is known as a
Target cell
9 of 83
_________ bring about their efect by __________
Altering target cell activity
10 of 83
Hormones act as receptors in two ways:
Water soluble hormones act on receptors in the plasma membrane, lipid soluble hormones act on receptors inside the cell
11 of 83
Cyclic AMP is generally a _________
Secondary messenger
12 of 83
Phosphodiesterase breaks cAMP down
Rapidly
13 of 83
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate is a second messenger, and other hormones such as insulin work
Without secondary messenger
14 of 83
Target cell activation depends on three factors, 1 blood level of the hormone, 2 relative numbers of receptor for the hormone and __________
3 Affinity between the hormone and the messenger
15 of 83
If target cells form additional receptors for a hormone, due to persistant low levels, this is known as
Up regulation
16 of 83
If there is persistant levels of a hormone present, the cells become desensitized and thus causes
Down regulation of receptors
17 of 83
The synthesis and release of most hormones is regulated by
Negative feedback mechanism
18 of 83
Due to the negative feedback mechanism of hormone regulation, blood has
Narrow ranges of hormones
19 of 83
Three types of stimuli prompt _________ to manufacture and release their hormones
Endocrine glands
20 of 83
Humoral, neural, and hormonal stimuli prompt _________ to manufacture and release hormones
Endocrine glands
21 of 83
Certain levels of critical ions and nutrients may trigger endocrine glands to manufacture and release their hormones, this is known as __________
Humoral stimula
22 of 83
The endocrine response is slower but longer lasting than ________
Nervous system
23 of 83
The hypothalamus is known as a
Neuroendocrine organ
24 of 83
The pancreas, gonads and placenta are __________
Both exocrine and endocrine
25 of 83
Gonadal and adrenocortical hormones are
Steroids
26 of 83
Water soluble hormones
Can not enter cell
27 of 83
Lipid soluble hormones
Can enter cell
28 of 83
Which is the correct sequence
Hormone - receptor - g protein - enzyme - second messenger
29 of 83
Calcium binds to calmodulin, which causes
Enzymes to activate that amplify the cellular response
30 of 83
Steroid hormones and thyroid hormones
Can diffuse into cell
31 of 83
An example of ________ is lowering levels of ca2+, which causes the parathyroid glands to secrete parathyroid hormone, which causes ca2+ to rise
Humoral stimuli
32 of 83
Insulin release is also an example of
Humoral stimuli
33 of 83
Nerve fibers may stimulate hormone release
Neural stimuli
34 of 83
The sympathetic nervous system stimulates the adrenal medulla to release noradrenaline and adrenaline
Neural stimuli
35 of 83
Endocrine glands may release their hormones in response to hormones produced by other endorine glands
Hormonal stimuli
36 of 83
The hormones released by the hypothalamus regulate the secretion of most of the anterior pituitary hormones
Hormonal stimuli
37 of 83
Hormones that have other endocrine glands as their target
Tropic hormones
38 of 83
Some hormones are degraded, others are removed by the
Kidneys and liver
39 of 83
________ have the shortest half lives
Water soluble hormones
40 of 83
When under stress, the hypothalamus and sympathetic nervous system are activated and blood glucose levels rise, this is an example of
Nervous and hormonal work
41 of 83
There are _____ types of hormone interaction
3
42 of 83
Permissiveness
The situation in which one hormone van not exert its full effects without another hormone being present
43 of 83
Antagonism
Occurs when one hormone opposes the action of another hormone
44 of 83
Synergism
Occurs when more than one hormone produces the same effects in the target cell however their combined effects are amplified
45 of 83
Lack of thyroid hormone delays reproductive development is an example of
Permissiveness
46 of 83
Insulin is 'repelled' by glucagon
Antagonism
47 of 83
Glucagon and adrenaline cause the liver to release glucose, when both present, 150% more glucose is released
Synergism
48 of 83
The pituitary gland has ________ major lobes
2
49 of 83
The posterior pituitary lobe is made of
Neural tissue
50 of 83
The anterior pituitary lobe is made of
Glandular tissue
51 of 83
The indundibulum connects the _________ to the hypothalamus
Pituitary
52 of 83
The posterior, neural tissue lobe of the pituitary is __________
Storage area
53 of 83
The anterior, glandular tissue lobe of the pituitary is ___________
Manufacturer and release area
54 of 83
The __________ area and the infundibulum make up a region called the neurohypophysis
Posterior
55 of 83
Hypophyseal branches of the internal carotid arteries deliver arterial blood to the ___________
Pituitary
56 of 83
The paraventricular neurons primarily make
Oxytocin
57 of 83
The supraoptic neurones mainly make
Antidiuretic hormone
58 of 83
There is direct neural connection with the
Posterior lobe of the pituitary
59 of 83
Hormones from the hypothalamus are taken via the hypophyseal portal system to the anterior pituitary, where they regulate secretion of homones. This is done via a __________
Portal vein system
60 of 83
A strong stimulant of uterine contraction
Oxytocin
61 of 83
Oxytocin acts via the __________
PIP-Ca2+ system
62 of 83
______________ acts as the hormonal trigger for milk ejection
Oxytocin
63 of 83
Oxytocin aka the
Love hormone
64 of 83
Inhibits or prevents urine formation
Anti diuretic hormone
65 of 83
Pain, low blood pressure, nicotine, morphine and barbiturates cause _________ release
ADH
66 of 83
ADH may be released after severe blood loss to raise blood pressure via
Vasocontriction
67 of 83
Diabetes insipitus is caused by ___________
AHD deficiency
68 of 83
The urine of a patient with diabetes insipidus tastes of _________
Honey
69 of 83
Hypersecretion of ADH causes
Inappropriate ADH secretion
70 of 83
The ___________ has traditionally been called the master endocrine gland
Anterior pituitary
71 of 83
Growth hormone is made in the __________
Anterior pituitary
72 of 83
Thyroid stimulating hormone is made in the ________
Anterior pituitary
73 of 83
Adrenocorticotropic hormone is made in the ___________
Anterior pituitary
74 of 83
Follicle stimulating hormone is made in the ____________
Anterior pituitary
75 of 83
Luteinizing hormone is made in the ______________
Anterior pituitary
76 of 83
Prolactin is made in the __________
Anterior pituitary
77 of 83
_________ of the six anterior pituitary hormones are tropic hormones
4
78 of 83
All anterior pituitary hormones except __________ affect their target cells via cyclic AMP second messenger system
Growth hormone
79 of 83
Growth hormone is produced by ________
Somatotropic cells
80 of 83
Growth hormone is an ____________ hormone, and has both metabolic and growth promoting actions
Anabolic
81 of 83
_________ immobilizes fats increasing blood levels, conserves glucose, encourages glycogen breakdown and release of glucose 'anti insulin effect'
Growth hormone
82 of 83
The liver, skeletal muscle, bone and other tissues produce insulin-like growth factors in response to __________
Growth hormone
83 of 83

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Endocrine organs are

Back

Small and unipressive

Card 3

Front

___________ produce non hormonal substances such as sweat and saliva, they have ducts that carry these substances to a membrane surface

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

___________ are ductless glands and produce hormones, they release them into the surrounding tissue fluid - they have a large vascular and lymphatic drainage

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal and hypothalamus

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all hormones resources »