End of the Plains

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1832: What happened?
Permanent Indian Frontier: Gave Indians land on the Plains
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What occurred next and in what year?
1851 Fort Laramie Treaty
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What did this do?
Gave the Sioux the Black Hills of Dakota
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What occurred next and in what year?
1867 Medicine Lodge Treaty
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What did this do?
Began to move Indians off parts of the Plains
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What occurred next and in what year?
1868 Second Treaty of Fort Laramie
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What did this do?
Moved Sioux onto reservations
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What occurred next and in what year?
1876 Treaty of 1876
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This did what?
Reduced the size of the Sioux reservations
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What was the final, definitive act in the fall of the Indians?
1887 Dawes Act
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This did what?
Divided land into individual allotments
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The treaties were accentuated by...
... manifest destiny
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Give the order and dates of the key Plains Battles
1864- Sand Creek Massacre; 1866- Fetterman Massacre; Massacre of the Marias; 1876 Battle of Little Bighorn; 1877- The Wolf Mountain Battle; 1890- Battle of Wounded Knee
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Which of these battles did the Indians win?
Fetterman Massacre (Red Cloud and Crazy Horse kill 80 US troops); Battle of Little Bighorn (Custer killed by Sitting Bull + Crazy Horse)
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What happened at Wounded Knee?
Indians were slaughtered whilst trying to run away
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In what year was Sitting Bull killed?
1890
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Crazy Horse was killed at the...
... Wolf Mountain Battle (1877)
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Even though the Indians won at the Fetterman Massacre (1866) and Little Bighorn (1876), why did it contribute to their downfall?
Because it raised anger amongst Americans and led to the rise of Exterminators
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What led to the Battle of Little Bighorn?
Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull did not accept the Second Fort Laramie Treaty; Gold was discovered in the Black Hills in 1874; Sioux were ordered onto reservations
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Give 5 reasons why Custer failed at this battle
He was arrogant; Sioux were determined/indignant; He acted alone; He forced his men through mud rather than round the side; Weakened army by dividing them; He was outmanoeuvred
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Was Custer killed?
Yes
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What were the reasons for the conflict?
Racism, Clash of cultures, Manifest Destiny, Natives attacked emigrants, US broke treaties, US became angered after losing, clash of ideas
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Why was there racism and why did the Natives attack emigrants?
Whites saw the NAs as inferior; emigrants trampled on their land + disturbed way of life
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Why did Manifest Destiny cause conflict?
Because it required the Americans to inhabit all of America; the Natives were in the way of that
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Why was their a clash of cultures?
Whites didn't understand NA way of life; whites saw NAs as the devil who ruined Earth
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Give examples of clashes of ideas
NA: land cannot be sold/owned, WA: God had given right for them to 'subdue' the Earth; Polygamy vs Monogamy; Scalping was 'brave' vs scalping was 'barbarous'
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What did the US do to try and end the Natives' way of life?
Starve them; kill the buffalo
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What did Sitting Bull do in 1877?
Flee to Canada; but he eventually returned only to die
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Who opened the first boarding school for Native children and in what year?
Richard Pratt, 1879
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How did this effect the NAs?
It stripped them of their values and made them 'white'
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How did the Dawes Act affect them?
It divided them in their reservations; removed them from their natural living areas
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What happened in 1889?
The Oklahoma Land Run- split NA's land into 160 acre plots and people raced to claim them
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Give the 2 types of Americans with contrasting views on how to deal with the Americans
Exterminators (Wanted Natives dead); Humanitarians (Wanted Natives to drop their way of life culture; but give them chance to live and develop)
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Give 3 reasons why the Whites won
Little Bighorn renewed anger; lies by the US govt; US economy funded wars; technology/weapons; slaughter of the buffalo; schools forced Natives to be 'white'
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What occurred next and in what year?

Back

1851 Fort Laramie Treaty

Card 3

Front

What did this do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What occurred next and in what year?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What did this do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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