How to white blood cells respond to infections (secondary defence)?
Phagocytes engulf the pathogen. T-killer cells kill and attack the infected cells. B- memory cells produce anti toxins to neutralise the toxins; they produce y shaped antibodies which make pathogens stick together.
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What type of pathogen causes malaria and what is the name of it?
Protozoa and Plasmodium
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What are the primary defence systems for a human?
Scabs form on top of cuts; tears hold antiseptic property; hair follicles produce antiseptic oils; stomach produces HCl; air passages produce mucus
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What are the three types of defences a plant can use?
mechanical; physical; chemical
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Describe the physical barriers of plant?
Bark is dead cells, hard for organisms to reach the stem; Waxy cuticle thick so it's harder for microorganisms to enter.
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Describe the mechanical defences of a plant?
Hairs deter insect vectors; thorns also deter insect vectors
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Describe the chemical defences of a plant?
Antibacterial compounds to kill bacteria; Poison to kill predators
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What is meant by a plant defence?
Defence = Physical and mechanical defences
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How to detect plant diseases?
Stunted growth, spots on leaves, foreign growth, areas of decay or rotting, malformed structure, discolouration, visible pests
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What does MRSA stand for?
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus
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What is meant by the term antibiotic resistance?
When the bacteria that used to be killed or slowed down by the drug, isn't affected anymore.
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What is the process whereby a bacteria becomes resistant?
When taking a drug, the susceptible bacteria are killed first. Some bacteria survive because they are a mutation of the bacteria and they reproduce. This means that the variation created new strains, and the antibiotic will not work anymore.
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What is an example of a plant fungal disease? How does it affect the growth of the plant?
Rose black spot result in the plant having black or purple spots on its leaves. The affected leaves fall off prematurely and this means less leaf surface are and less photosynthesis, The plant won't flower anymore.
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What is an example of a plant viral disease? How does it affect the plant?
Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TBV) causes discolouration on the affected leaves. Those leaves do not photosynthesise and this means the plant dies.
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How can Rose Black Spot be stopped from spreading?
Chemical sprays and remove the affected leaves
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How can Tobacco Mosaic Virus be stopped from spreading?
Field hygiene and pest control.
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How is Rose Black Spot spread?
Through water and wind
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How is TMV spread?
Through insect vectors and contact
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What type of pathogen causes malaria and what is the name of it?
Back
Protozoa and Plasmodium
Card 3
Front
What are the primary defence systems for a human?
Back
Card 4
Front
What are the three types of defences a plant can use?
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