End of chem topics
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- Chemistry
- Haber and industrial processesFunctional groups: Alcohols, carboxylic acids and esters
- GCSE
- AQA
- Created by: Caidy
- Created on: 02-05-16 14:13
how is an ester formed?
reacting a carboxylic acid with an acohol
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State one way a carboxylic acid can be formed
add a mildly oxidising agent to an alcohol
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What's the general formula for an alcohol?
CnH2n+1OH
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What function group do alcohols have?
They always end in O-H
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How are esters used in industry?
In perfumes and artificial flavouring
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What can the reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol be catalysed by?
A concentrated acid
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What is an esters name made up of?
1st the alcohol used and 2nd the carboxylic acid used
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What carboxylic acid is in vinegar?
Ethanoic acid
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What is the function group for carboxylic acids?
C-O-O-H
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define homologus
A group of chemicals which all have the same general formula and have very similar properties
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What is the carboxylic acid in an orange?
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C)
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What is the functional group of an ester?
C-O-O
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what is a disadvantage of producing ethanol through fermentation?
Not very concentrated
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What is the name of the process in which ethane reacts with steam to produce ethanol?
Hydration
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What is an advantage of producing ethanol by fermetation?
It is renewable
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what do metals react with to form insoluble hydroxides?
Sodium hydroxide
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if a sample reacted with sodium hydroxide turns blue, what was the sample?
Copper
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if a sample reacted with sodium hydroxide turns reddy brown, what was the sample?
Iron(iii)
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what solution is added to a sample if detecting halide ions?
silver nitrate
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What colour precipitate indicates Bromide ions are present when silver nitrate is added?
Cream
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What colour precipitate indicates iodide ions are present when silver nitrate is added?
Pale yellow
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what does adding barium chloride to a sample including sulfate ions produce?
White insoluble precipitation of barium sulphate
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What is added to a sample to test for nitrate ions?
Sodium hydroxide and aluminium powder
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What are the reactants used in the Haber process?
Nitrogen and hydrogen
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What is the symptom of nitrogen deficiency in plants?
Yellow leaves
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Is ammonia solution acid or alkaline?
alkaline
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what ion does ammonia solution contain?
OH-
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Is ammonium nitrate organic or inorganic?
inorganic
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Is the best yield of ammonium nitrate obtained at slow or high temperature?
Low
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what type of catalyst is ammonia produced over?
iron
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What type of reaction occurs when making ammonia?
Exothermic
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what is the chemical equation for the Haber process?
N2 + 3H2 = 2NH3
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What colour does ammonia turn litmus paper?
Blue
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How do you test for a sulphate?
Add HCL and then Barium chloride
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what is the word equation for ethanol produced by fermentation?
Sugar= Carbon dioxide + ethanol
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When bonds are formed is energy released or take in?
released (exothermic)
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what is the loop in the flame test made of?
Nichrome
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What temperature is used in the Haber process?
450
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what pressure is used in the Haber process?
200 atmospheres
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what colour flame does lithium create?
Crimson
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what happens to equilibrium when you decrease pressure?
It shifts in favour of the side with most molecules
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what does the flame test identify?
Group 1 and 2 metal
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what does adding dilute HCL and then barium identify?
Sulfates
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what colour compound does iron(iii) sulphate produce?
brown
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What colour flame does barium create?
Green
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What colour flame does potassium create?
lilac
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what colour flame does calcium create?
Brick red
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What colour flame does lithium create?
Scarlet
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what colour precipitate does iron(iii) give when reacted with NaOH?
green
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
State one way a carboxylic acid can be formed
Back
add a mildly oxidising agent to an alcohol
Card 3
Front
What's the general formula for an alcohol?
Back
Card 4
Front
What function group do alcohols have?
Back
Card 5
Front
How are esters used in industry?
Back
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