Elizabethan Economy and Society 1563-1603

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Population, Inflation same as Flashcards 1558-1663
....
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When was the Country hit with 4 bad harvests in a row?
mid 1590's
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What was its effect?
put pressure on prices and some parts of the country faced famine
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provide some reasons for the rapid inflation in the final years of Elizabeth's reign?
Rapid population growth, poor harvest, increase in the money supply (silver & gold) from Spanish mines in the NW, increased demand for goods due to Elizabeth's war with Spain and the cost of military campaigns in Ireland
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By the 1590s what did fall?
Standard of living for workers as the cost of living increased
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When and did the Privy council order the government of the City of London to hand out to the poor?
1570s corn
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society
....
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Nobels
...
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How many Nobles were there in 1603 and how many in 1547?
51 to 55
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What does this show?
relatively small fall in status as the gentry became increasingly important
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How did some nobility seek to increase their status through houses?
building new impressive houses do the Queen would come on their Royal Progress
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How were these houses a sign of confidence peace would last?
they were comfortable homes designed to show off wealth rather than fortified castles
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Provide example of one of these houses
Wilton house from Earl of Pembroke
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Gentry
..
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How many Gentry families were their?
4500
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Describe what had been happening since the dissolution of the monasteries 1530-40's?
continued to gain in status and wealth
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Name an important member of the gentry that was in Elizabeth's gov
Sir Christopher Hatton
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In contrast, what is an example of a lower Gentry
modest landowners like JP's
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Country
...
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What percentage of people lived in rural villages rather than towns and cities?
90%
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How did Country people make money?
rent, sale of agriculture produce, wheat, dairy products
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Name some examples of jobs
blacksmiths, carpenters, millers, spinning wheels, weaving as part of the cloth trade, employment in cottages
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Why was Enclosure good?
improved efficiency and increased their profits
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But, why did enclosure contribute to larger urban populations?
pushing out smaller farmers
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Even tho across Elizabethan England, when did it cause some local tensions?
1590's
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Provide an example of a new development in farming that created prosperity for the Yeoman + gentry class?
Fresian cattle
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Name one of the reasons why the gap between rural poor and wealthy
laborers at the mercy of landowners
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Towns
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Name examples of when townspeople experienced hardships
overcrowded poor housing, vulnerable to the spread of diseases such as Plague, tuberculosis and Sweating sickness
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When was London described as the 'stinking city' and why?
1571, diseases through water supplies
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When was towns in decline and what let to this reversing?
first half of the 16C. expansion of oversea trade
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What did people moving to towns lead to fear about ?
vagrancy and disorder
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What are 'labouring poor?
those drifitng town to town looking for work
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what type of profession found to hard to remain their standard of living?
craftsmen
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name some examples of individuals professions prospering
Merchants and lawyers
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Name some examples of things reflecting the prosperity
more new houses built and number of theatres grew
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However, in 1590s why did the atmosphere in the towns changed ?
war with Spain heavy taxation forced loans, monopolies, bad harvests, growing social unrest due to large population and widespread poverty and famine
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What Act shows the government's response to this?
1595 Act of the relief of the poor
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Examples of issue of poverty
.....
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What percentage of the Urban and Rural poor lived at a subsistence level?
50%
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What was set up to punish those who refused to work and when?
1576 Houses of correction
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Why were social problems more acute in the 1590's ?
poor harvest, increased taxation due to war with Spain
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When was there food riots in London?
1595
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When was there food riots in East Anglia?
1596-8
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Why were these food riots serious?
made the privy council take further action
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Elizabethath's reforms
....
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When was the Statues of Artificers
1563
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How did it aim to reduce unemployment and thus vagrancy?
enforcing 7 year apprenticeships
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in did the Statues of Artificers try and control inflation?
had fixed wages
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What would happen to those under the Statues of articles if they refused to contribute to relief for the poor?
fines or imprisonment
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When was the Poor Relief Act?
1572
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Who were the compulsory contributions to the poor organized by in the Poor relief Act ?
Parish overseers
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What did this make each parish do?
keep a register of the poor and provide shelter for the poor and sick
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Name 3 things the Act for the relief of the poor is evidence of
a growing number of poor, poor were not always to blame for their siutation, the central government had acknowledged the need for consistency across the country
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The Poor relief act increased punishments, what was first offenses punished by?
whipping or boring an ear
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What could third offenses be punished by?
death penalty
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Who were excluded from these punishments?
some 'deserving poor'
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What were these harsh punishments partly in response to?
Northern rebellion 1569
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When was the Poor Law Relief Act?
1576
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What were towns required to do for the
unemployed?
find work
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What were JP's expected to do to for the deserving poor?
by materials for them
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provide some examples of materials the Jp's bought?
stocks to buy wool then to spin or weave
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When was the Act for the punishments of Rogues vagabonds and beggars?
1597
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What was the county to have?
houses of correction
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How was it financed?
by local taxes
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What was the first time a person would caught?
whipped and returned to the parish of their birth
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What could happen to offenders?
forced to work as oarsmen on ships or could be executed
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Provide an example of its success in relation to continuity in the future
foundations for the next 250 years
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What did each parish have to appoint?
overseer of the poor
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what did the role include?
helping the young unemployed to find work and giving help to the 'deserving poor'
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When was the Poor Law Act (2)?
1601
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What was Poor Law Act 1601?
Earlier laws brought together into one clear Act and reissued
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Were the Elizabethan reforms effective
....
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In practise, what was more help than the Acts to the poor>
help provided by charity
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What do the reforms suggest about government and parliament?
panic
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However, what was Tudor society, stable or unstable?
stable
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What shows the reforms longevity?
they lay the foundation of help for the poor that lasted until 19th C
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Trade and Exploration
.....
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What established Spain and Portugal with vast reservoirs? of resources and income
established patterns of trade and colonisation
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Who had a key role in developing the Navy?
Henry VIII
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By the 1570's, why is it evident sea-faring nation?
willing and able to trade with rest of the world
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Where did sailors think they could find that would cause more trading Opportunites ?
new way in the far east
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North East Passage
.....
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In 1553, who sailed North east and found the path blocked by ice ?
Willoughby and Chancellor
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However, what Russian trading company did Willoughby and Chancellor result in a profitable trading relationship with ?
Muscovite company
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When did both men die in a second Voyage?
1555
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Who in the 1560's explored south from Russia into Persia and established trading links?
Jenkinson
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Who did the Muscovy company challenge (traded in the Baltic states)?
Hanseatic league
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North West passage
....
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who sailed to North Canada in 1576 and discovered new found land in his attempt to create a new route to China failed?
Frobisher
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When did Drake first attempt of Circumnavigating the globe ?
1577-80
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How did Drake want to improve trade in the circumnavigation?
Create a trading route with China via North America but failed to create an outport in North America
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Describe John Davis trading imput?
made a valuable contribution to the mapping of America,m but failed to establish any real trading links
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In the 17th Century, what foundations for which famous trading company? (Laura)
Hudson trading company
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The Slave Trade with the West indies
....
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When did Hawkins go to Africa?
1562
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How had a valuable slave trsde been introduced?
captured some locals, took them as slaves to the west Indies , in return he was able to bring home money and sugars
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When did a group of shareholders fund a second trip?
1564
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Name 3 individuals who secretly gave funds?
Elizabeth, Cecil and Leicester
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How did this effect relations in Spain?
Increased tension between them
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When did Hawkins sail again in a ship financed by the Queen?
1567
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What was the ship called?
the Jesus of lubeck
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What was the outcome of the exhibition?
it was a failure and Hawkins narrowly escaped the Spainish
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Why was the Drakes Circumnavigation a success?
used for Propaganda, undermined spain's reputation, Drake raided the West Coast of America and Capturened Spainish ships and thwir buillion
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How much of a profit did his Voyage make and when was it?
1577-80, 4000% profit
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Colonization
....
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Why book stirred great interest in expansion and exploration? it contained many first-hand accounts from sailors and their adventures
1589 'Principal Navigations, Voyages and discoveries of the English Nation' by Richard Hakluyt
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What did Humphrey Gilbert do that was a failure?
Parts of NW America having to been granted a monoply by the Queen, and given rights over any land he could lay claim to
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What years did Raleigh fail to attempt to colonize Virginia?
1585, 1587
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What date was the first time an English Flag be outside?
July 13th 1584
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Why did the Colonisers return back to England?
unsuccessfully build rapport with the Native and lacked proper provisions for a permanent settlement
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What Island did Roanoke island get named after?
Queen Elizabeth - Virgin Queen - Virgina
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Why was the Second settlement in 1585 abaondoned?
Lacked sufficent supplies
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When did John White land in Roanoke isalnd?
22nd July 1587
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How many people did White Land?
120 men, women and child
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How did White hope to make the settlement permanent and self-sufficient?
Self sufficient economy and agriculture
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What happened when White returned two years later to the Colony?
there was no sign of the colonists, the fate of the Roanoke islands remains unknown
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Attempts to Trade with India
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Who and When made an overland journey to India and visited the Portuguese colony?
1583, Newbery & Fitch
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When was the East India company created?
1600
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Why was the East India Trading company good for England ?
after 1603, successful in proving incredianly successful in exploiting trading relations
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Eventually, what did this lead to India being known as in the 19th and 20th C?
'Jewel of the empire'
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

When was the Country hit with 4 bad harvests in a row?

Back

mid 1590's

Card 3

Front

What was its effect?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

provide some reasons for the rapid inflation in the final years of Elizabeth's reign?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

By the 1590s what did fall?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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