Electron Transport Chain

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  • Created by: Lotto65
  • Created on: 18-03-17 16:00
What is the electron transport chain?
A series of electron carriers
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Where are the electron carriers located?
The inner membrane of the mitochondrion, including the cristae
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How many electrons does reduced NAD bring to the first carrier?
2
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What happens as electrons pass from one carrier to the next?
The release energy
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What do some electron carriers do?
Pump protons (H+) against the concentration gradient
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Where do proton pump electron carriers pump protons from and to?
From the matrix to the intermembrane space
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What do proton pumps use to move protons against the concentration gradient?
Energy released by the electrons as they pass through the carriers
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Does reduced FAD feed electrons into the transport chain before or after reduced NAD?
After
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How many stages in the transport chain do electrons from reduced NAD cause proton pumping?
3 times
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How many stages in the transport chain do electrons from reduced FAD cause proton pumping?
2
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What are the electrons given to at the end of the transport chain?
Oxygen
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Where in the mitochondrion does oxygen gain electrons?
In the matrix on the surface of the inner membrane
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What else does oxygen accept? What does this form?
Free protons to form water
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What happens if you use up protons in the matrix?
You contribute to the proton concentration gradient in the inner mitochondrial membrane
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What is a terminal electron acceptor?
A compound that receives or accepts an electron (during oxidation of a carbon source)
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Where is the only point oxygen is used for respiration?
At the end of the electron transport chain as the terminal electron acceptor
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What happens if there is no oxygen in the electron transport chain?
Flow of electrons along chain stops. Reduced NAD cannot convert to NAD. Supplies of NAD run out in the mitochondrion so link reaction and Krebs cycle stop
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What is the only stage of respiration that can continue without oxygen?
Glycolysis with small yield of ATP
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What does oxygen do to the ATP yield?
Greatly increases it per glucose
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A concentration gradient is a store of what?
Potential energy
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What is the function of ATP synthase?
Allows protons to diffuse across the membrane and back into the matrix and produces ATP
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How does ATP synthase get energy to function?
From the protons that are diffusing down the concentration gradient helps produce ATP
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What is chemiosmosis?
The diffusion of hydrogen ions across the membrane and the production of ATP using energy released by this
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What is a paradigm shift?
When the usual way of thinking about or doing something is replaced by a new and different way
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Who proposed the idea of chemiosmosis and when?
Peter Mitchell in the 1960s
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Do scientists accept paradigm shifts quickly when there is strong evidence?
No it takes time, even with strong evidence
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Where does NAD+ go once it has delivered electrons to the transport chain?
Back to the matrix
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What does reduced NAD bring to the transport chain? What then happens to it?
Pairs of hydrogen atoms which are then split to release two electron and form protons
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Which carriers are proton pumps and how many are there?
3 carriers that reduced NAD delivered to
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What allows electrons to continue to flow across the transport chain?
They get transferred to the terminal electron acceptor
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How does ATP synthase make ATP?
Phosphorylates ADP
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What is the bond type between oxygen and hydrogen?
Covalent bond
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Where are the electron carriers located?

Back

The inner membrane of the mitochondrion, including the cristae

Card 3

Front

How many electrons does reduced NAD bring to the first carrier?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What happens as electrons pass from one carrier to the next?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What do some electron carriers do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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