What happens when an ionic solid is melted or dissolved in water?
The ionic bonds break, so the ions can move.
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What is an electrolyte?
An ionic substance with freely moving ions, which can conduct electricity.
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What are cations?
Positive ions which are attracted to the negative electrode - the cathode.
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What are anions?
Negative ions which are attracted to the positive electrode - the anode.
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What is oxidation? Where does it happen?
Oxidation is the loss of electrons and it happens at the anode.
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What is reduction? Where does it happen?
Reduction is the gain of electrons and it happens at the cathode.
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What is attracted to the cathode? Why?
Metals and hydrogen are attracted to the cathode as they lose electrons to become positive ions. They are then attracted to the negative electrode, where they gain electrons to become elements or molecules.
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What kind of electrodes are used during the electrolysis of molten or dissolved ionic salts?
Inert/unreactive electrodes, which are usually graphite or platinum.
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What happens when a molten salt is electrolysed?
The ions are discharged as atoms or molecules at the electrodes.
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What will molten salt always be decomposed into? Where?
It will always decompose into its elements, where the non mental is produced at the anode, and the metal is produced at the cathode.
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What does water ionise into?
H+ ions and OH- (hydroxide) ions.
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When sodium chloride solution is electrolysed, why is hydrogen produced instead of sodium?
Hydrogen ions are discharged more readily than sodium ions, so hydrogen gas is formed.
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What happens when an ionic solid is melted or dissolved in water?
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