power supply, leads, inert(unreactive) electrodes (anode positive, cathode negative), beaker, aqueous solution, e.g. sodium chloride solution.
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step one
set up equipment. attach leads to power supply and to electrodes. place electrodes in beaker full of solution.
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step two
pass an electric current through the aqueous solution
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step three
observe the products formed at each inert electrode.
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hazards and risks
a low voltage must be used to prevent an electric shock. the room must be well ventilated and the experiment must only be carried out for a short period of time, to prevent exposure the dangerous levels of chlorine gas.
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OIL RIG
oxidation is loss of electrons, reduction is gain of electrons
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for metals
metals more reactive than carbon can be extracted from their ores using electrolysis.
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cryolite
need to be used for the extraction of aluminium from aluminium oxide. this lowers the melting point of the aluminium oxide, meaning less energy is needed. aluminium forms at the cathode and co2 is produced at the anode. the electrode gets worn away.
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aqueous solutions-negative electrode
hydrogen is produced if the metal is more reactive than hydrogen. the metal is produced if the metal is less reactive than hydrogen.
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aqueous solutions-positive electrode
oxygen is produced unless the solution contains halide ions. if halide ions are present then the halogen is produced.
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in the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution
hydrogen is released at the negative electrode. chlorine gas is released at the positive electrode.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
set up equipment. attach leads to power supply and to electrodes. place electrodes in beaker full of solution.
Back
step one
Card 3
Front
pass an electric current through the aqueous solution
Back
Card 4
Front
observe the products formed at each inert electrode.
Back
Card 5
Front
a low voltage must be used to prevent an electric shock. the room must be well ventilated and the experiment must only be carried out for a short period of time, to prevent exposure the dangerous levels of chlorine gas.
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