Electricity

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  • Created by: leo1223
  • Created on: 01-05-18 19:33
Define electrical insulator
a substance that doesn't allow electricity to pass through
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Define electrical conductor
a substance has a capacity to transmit electricity
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Explain how static electricity works?
If two insulators are rubbed together to create friction electrons are transferred and both insulators become negatively or positively charged as electrons have either been lost or gained
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Explain what an electric field is?
A region around a charged particle where a force can be exerted on other objects
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Describe the strength of an electric field and how it varies?
The electric field of a charged particle gets weaker as distance increases
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What is the equation for Charge Flow?
Charge Flow = Current x Time
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Define Current
Current is a rate of flow of electrical charge
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Define Potential difference
Potential difference is the energy transferred per unit charge as charges move between two points in a circuit
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Explain what a union field is?
The field between two parallel plates, one positive and one negative
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Define variable resistor
A component thats resistance can be affected by moving the slider up or down on the resistor itself
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Define diode
A component thats resistance
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Define LDR
A component thats resistance depends on the light intensity, at low light the resistance is high
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Define thermistor
A component thats resistance depends on the temperature, at low temperatures the resistance is high
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Explain direct current?
In a direct current the flow of electrons is one direction around the circuit
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Explain alternating current
In an alternating current the direction of the flow of electrons continually reverses
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Define Charge
Charge is a property of a body which experiences a force in an electric field
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What does the current through a component depend on?
potential difference across the component and the resistance of the component
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What is the equation for Potential Difference?
Potential Difference = Current x Resistance
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What is the equation for Energy Transferred?
Energy Transferred = Charge Flow x Potential Difference
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Explain what a series circuit is?
A series circuit is all electrical components connected in a single loop
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Explain how current works in a series circuit?
An electron will pass through every component, therefore is a lightbulb is broken the current will not flow through the circuit.
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Explain how potential difference works in a series circuit?
All the source energy (battery) is shared between components, therefore the potential difference supplied is equal to the total of the potential differences across the components
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Explain how an ammeter works in a series circuit?
An ammeter wil measure the same amount of current wherever it is placed in the series circuit
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Explain how resistance works in a series circuit?
In a series circuit the total amount of resistance is equal to the sum of all resistances of components added together
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Explain what a parallel circuit is?
A parallel circuit is electrical components that are connected alongside one another, forming more than one loop.
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Explain how current works in a parallel circuit?
An electron will not pass through every component, therefore if a lightbulb is broken the current will still be able to flow round the circuit through the other loop(s)
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Explain how an ammeter works in a parallel circuit?
Since there are different loops, the current will split as it leaves the cell. Therefore when an ammeter is placed in different parts of the circuit it will show how the current splits.
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Explain how potential difference works in a parallel circuit?
The potential difference of each loop is equal to the potential difference supplied
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Explain how resistance works in a parallel circuit?
The total resistance of the circuit is reduced as the current can follow multiple paths
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What is the equation for Power?
Power = Current x Potential Difference or Power = (Current)² x resistance
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Why do wires heat up?
As electrons flow through wires, they collide with ions which cause the ions to vibrate more, the increased vibration of the ions causes the wire's temperature to increase.
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What is the equation for Power?
Power = (Current)² x resistance or Power = Current x Potential Difference
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Describe the effects of transmitting energy with a low current and high voltage?
Transmitting energy with a low current and high voltage reduces wire temperature and wastes less energy
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Describe the effects of transmitting energy with a high current and low voltage?
Transmitting energy with a high current and low voltage
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Describe the transmission of electricity in the UK?
The mains electrical supply is generated at a frequency of 50Hz and is delivered to houses at 230V in the UK.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Define electrical conductor

Back

a substance has a capacity to transmit electricity

Card 3

Front

Explain how static electricity works?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain what an electric field is?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the strength of an electric field and how it varies?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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