Eduqas Component 3 (with the Immunology and Disease option)

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Rapid rise and fall of the electrical potential across a nerve cell membrane as a nervous impulse passes
Action Potential
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An immunoglobin molecule produced by the body's immune system in response to an antigen
Antibody
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A molecule that causes the immune System to initiate an immune response
Antigen
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Hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, increasing the permeability of cells of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to water (abbr.)
ADH
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An infected person, or other organism that shows no symptoms but can infect others
Carrier
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Removal of an amine group from a molecule. Excess amino acids undergo this process in the liver and convert amine group into urea
Deamination
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Temporary reversal of an action potential across a membrane of a neuron such that the inside becomes less negative than the outside as an action potential is transmitted
Depolarisation
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Long term host of a pathogen, with few or no symptoms - always a potential for an outbreak
Disease Reservoir
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Disease occurring frequently at a predictable rate in a specific location or population
Endemic
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Rapid spread of infection to a large number of people within a short period of time
Epidemic
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A chemical secreted in response to an action potential at a synaptic knob which carries the chemical signal across the synapse from one neuron to the next, where a new action potential is initiated
Neurotransmitter
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Control of water potential of the body's fluids by the regulation of water content of the body
Osmoregulation
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An epidemic over a very wide area, crossing international borders, affecting a very large number of people
Pandemic
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Potential difference across a membrane of a cell when no nervous impulse is being conducted
Resting Potential
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Transmission of a nerve impulse along a myelinated axon, where the action potential jumps between nodes of ranvier
Saltatory Conduction
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Enzyme-catalysed reaction that transfers an amino acid to an alpha-keto-acid making an amino acid
Transamination
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Filtration under high pressure
Ultrafiltration
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Weakened or killed pathogen or a toxin or antigen derived from it which stimulated the immune system to produce an immune response against it without causing an infection
Vaccine
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A person, animal or microbe that carries and transmits an infectious pathogen into another living organism
Vector
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Blood and water flow in the same direction, which maintains the concentration gradient for oxygen to diffuse up until the point where concentration in the blood and water are equal
Parallel flow
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Covering of a bony fish's gills
Operculum
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Blood and water flow in opposite directions across the gill lamellae maintaining oxygen concentration gradient across their entire length
Counter-current Flow
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Heartbeat is initiated with the muscle cells themselves and is not dependent on the nervous or hormonal system
Myogenic
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An area of the heart muscle in the right atrium that initiates a wave of electrical excitation across the atria (abbr.)
SAN
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Situated in the area between the atria and ventricles, this introduces a delay in the transmission of the electrical impulse, so the atria can complete contraction before the ventricles can contract (abbr.)
AVN
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The degree to which two molecules are attracted to each other
Affinity
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Movement of the oxygen dissociation curve to the right at a higher partial pressure of Carbon Dioxide
Bohr Effect
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The evaporation of water vapour from the leaves or other above ground parts of the plant, out through stomata into the atmosphere
Transpiration
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Active movement of the soluble products of photosynthesis such as sucrose through the phloem from sources to sinks
Translocation
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An organism that obtains its nutrition from living in or on a host organism which is harmed
Parasite
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The last upper pre-molar and first molar teeth of a carnivore, which have a shearing action as the pre-molar slices over the molar when the jaw closes
Carnassials
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The diffusion of chloride ions from the plasma into the red blood cell, preserving electrical neutrality
Chloride Shift
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The increasing affinity of a molecule of haemoglobin for oxygen as the second and third oxygen molecules bind to it
Cooperative binding
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A transport mechanism in which facilitated diffusion brings molecules and ions across the membrane and into the cell together
Co-transport
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A waxy, waterproof covering on a leaf. Secreted by epidermal cells to reduce water loss.
Cuticle
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The gap in the lower jaw of herbivores between the canines and premolars through which the cheeks contribute to mechanical digestion
Diastema
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A stage in the cardiac cycle where the heart muscle relaxes
Diastole
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The breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into small, soluble molecules that can be absorbed by the body
Digestion
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Blood passes through the heart twice in its circuit around the body
Double circulation
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Elimination of undigested waste products not made by the body
Egestion
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A single layer of cells around the pericycle and vascular tissue of the root, each cell having an impermeable waterproof barrier in its cell wall
Endodermis
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The movement of gases between an organism and its environment
Gas exchange
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An organism makes its own complex organic molecules by photosynthesis or chemosynthesis
Autotroph
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An organism that consumes ready-made complex organic matter
Heterotroph
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An organism that feeds on dead and decaying matter by extracellular digestion and absorption of the products of digestion
Saprotroph
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Feeding method of many animals, involving ingestion, digestion and egestion
Holozoic
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Fluid absorbed between the cells into lymph capillaries as opposed to the blood capillaries
Lymph
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A group of tissues working together with the same overall function
Organ
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Rhythmic wave of coordinated muscular contractions in the circular and longitudinal muscle of the gut wall, passing food along the gut in one direction only
Peristalsis
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Plant tissue containing sieve tube elements and companion cells that allows for the translocation of sucrose and amino acids from the leaves to the rest of the plant
Phloem
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Fine strands of cytoplasm that extend through pores in plant cell walls, connecting the cytoplasm of one plant cell to another
Plasmodesmata
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A device which indirectly measures the rate of water loss during transpiration by measuring the rate of water uptake
Potometer
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A cud-chewing herbivore possessing a 'stomach' divided into four chambers, the largest being the rumen which contains mutualistic microbes
Ruminant
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The upward force on water in the roots, derived from osmotic movement of water into the root xylem
Root Pressure
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Blood passes through the heart once on its circuit around the body
Single Circulation
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Pore mainly found on the lower leaf surface bounded by two guard cells through which gases and water vapour diffuse
Stomata
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A stage in the cardiac cycle where the heart muscle contracts
Systole
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Spindle shaped, water conducting cells in the xylem of ferns, confiers and angiosperms
Tracheid
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A mechanism enabling air or water to be transferred between the environment and a respiratory surface
Ventilation
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Plant tissue conducting water and dissolved minerals upwards. Consists of Vessels (only in angiosperms) and tracheids (angiosperms, ferns and conifers)
Xylem
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Pathway of water uptake through non-living spaces between cells and in cell walls outside the cell membrane
Apoplast Pathway
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Pathway of water uptake through plant within cells in which molecules diffuse through the cytoplasm and plasmodesmata
Symplast Pathway
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Impermeable band of suberin in the cell walls of endodermal cells, blocking the movement of water in the apoplast pathway and driving it into the cytoplasm
Casparian *****
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Water moves from vacuole to vacuole
Vacuolar Pathway
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

An immunoglobin molecule produced by the body's immune system in response to an antigen

Back

Antibody

Card 3

Front

A molecule that causes the immune System to initiate an immune response

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland, increasing the permeability of cells of the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to water (abbr.)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

An infected person, or other organism that shows no symptoms but can infect others

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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