The formal learning that takes place in schools – the subjects and courses studied.
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INFORMAL EDUCATION
Things learnt in school that are not formally taught for example – obedience, being punctual, being polite
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COMPREHENSIVE SCHOOLS
Introduced from 1965 – these schools are non-selective so it means all children can attend the same type of secondary school regardless of their ability
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SELECTIVE SCHOOLS
A school which selects pupils on some type of ability usually academic however it could also be sporting talents etc.
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SPECIAL SCHOOLS
A school for pupils with special educational needs – this can be learning needs, behavioural issues or physical needs
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PRIVATE/INDEPENDENT SCHOOLS
Not funded by the government but raise money through fees or the private sector.
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SECONDARY SOCIALISATION
Learning the norms and values of society through agents such as school, religion and media. See: hidden curriculum
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SPECIALIST SCHOOLS
School which specialise in particular subject areas such as languages or technology. They are intended to raise standards of teaching in their specialist subjects.
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SOCIAL MOBILITY
Where people change position or status in society – education is one way of becoming socially mobile
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MATERIAL DEPRIVATION
Lack of money to buy items which might encourage educational success i.e. equipment, computers, tutors, revision guides. Even heating in the house!
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CULTURAL DEPRIVATION
Working class parents are said to lack the norms and values necessary for helping their children be successful in education
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IMMEDIATE GRATIFICATION
Some working class families live for the moment while not attempting to plan for the future
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DEFERRED GRATIFICATION
Middle Class families are prepared to make sacrifices now in order to fulfil ambitions (usually involves sacrificing money and time) to be more successful in the future
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LABELLING
The process of attaching a characteristic or definition to an individual or group and then treating them according to their label e.g. being labelled as a ‘lazy’ pupil
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SELF FULFILLING PROPHECY
Living up to the label. Assumptions about the label are carried out – e.g. when a student who has been labelled by the teacher (i.e. class clown) begins to act on the label – the label becomes a prophecy (real)
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SETTING
Putting pupils into a class based on their ability i.e. maths. Subject specific
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STREAMING
Placed in same class in all subjects based on their general ability.
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SUBCULTURES
Groups of students in school/society who have different norms and values to everyone else. E.g. pupils may form an anti-school subculture (sometimes called a counter-school subculture) so will behave in a way that is opposite to school expectations/r
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ETHNOCENTRIC CURRICULUM
Text books/content of what is taught is dominated by one ethnic group
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CATCHMENT AREA
Most comprehensive schools will accept pupils from a certain geographical location – this is called a catchment area. If a pupil lives outside of the catchment area they cannot attend the school.
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VOCATIONAL EDUCATION
Work or career related education – often these courses have a practical element
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LEAGUE TABLES
A table which is published to show the performance of state schools on GCSE and A level results
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OFSTED
The organisation which inspects schools to ensure they are doing their jobs correctly. These reports are published.
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MARKETISATION
The policy of bringing competition into education – making schools compete to improve standards in all schools
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MERITOCRACY
A system in which everyone is seen as having equal opportunity to succeed. Success is based on ability and effort not social class/gender/ethnicity.
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EMA
Educational maintenance allowance – attempts to make up for material deprivation by giving students financial help to stay on post 16 Please note this is now called ’16-19 bursary’
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Things learnt in school that are not formally taught for example – obedience, being punctual, being polite
Back
INFORMAL EDUCATION
Card 3
Front
Introduced from 1965 – these schools are non-selective so it means all children can attend the same type of secondary school regardless of their ability
Back
Card 4
Front
A school which selects pupils on some type of ability usually academic however it could also be sporting talents etc.
Back
Card 5
Front
A school for pupils with special educational needs – this can be learning needs, behavioural issues or physical needs
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