Education: Topic 4

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  • Created by: Ashley2K
  • Created on: 19-05-17 09:54
According to official statistics, which gender performs better in education?
Girls, with the achievement gap being around 10 percentage points at GCSE.
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How do some sociologists believe the impact of feminism has improved girls' results in education?
The movement, whilst not fully achieving equality in society, has improved women's expectations and self-esteem. The rise of assertive and independent women has risen in the media as a result.
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How do some sociologists argue that changes in the family have led to the improvement of girls' performance in education? (external)
Sociologists argue that things such as the increase in the divorce rate and the increase of cohabitation has changed the way women look at education. For example, an increased number of female-headed lone parent families may mean women need to take o
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How do some sociologists argue that changes in the family have led to the improvement of girls' performance in education? (2) (external)
a breadwinner role. This in turn creates a new adult role model for girls, the financially independent woman. To achieve this independence, women need good qualifications allowing for high paid jobs.
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What two other external factors do sociologists argue have improved girls' performance in education?
1. Changes in women's employment, e.g. equal pay act 2. Girls' changing ambitions
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How do sociologists suggest that equal opportunity policies have improved girls' performance in education?
Policies such as GIST (girls into science and technology) and WISE (women into science and engineering) all encourage girls to pursue careers in these non-traditional areas.
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How do sociologists suggest that positive role models in schools have improved girls' performance in education?
They suggest that due to an increase in the proportion of women in positions such as teachers and heads, girls now have more role models in high positions, showing them women can achieve positions of importance, giving them non-traditional aspiration
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Why do sociologists suggest that the GCSE and coursework have improved girls' achievement in education?
Gorard found that the gender gap in achievement was fairly constant from 1975 until 1989 when it increased slightly. This was the year the GCSE and coursework was introduced.
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Why does Ken Browne suggest that girls are more successful in coursework?
Because girls 1. Spend more time on their work 2. Take more time in the way it is presented 3. Are better at meeting deadlines 4. Bring the right equipment and materials to lessons.
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How do liberal feminists view girls' achievement?
They celebrate the progress made so far in improving achievement. They believe that there will be further progress made through the continuing development of equal opportunities policies, positive role models and stereotypes.
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How do radical feminists view girls' achievement?
Whilst they recognize that girls are achieving more, they emphasise that the system remains patriarchal. For example 1. Sexual harassment of girls continues at school 2. Education still limits girls' subject choices and career options etc.
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How does Louise Archer suggest working class girls gain symbolic capital from their peers?
She found that in order to create a valued sense of self, they adopted a hyper-heterosexual feminine identity, having a boyfriend and being 'loud' However, this often brings them into conflict with school preventing them from getting qualifications.
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What is the working class girls' dilemma?
The dilemma that girls face the dilemma of either gaining symbolic capital from their peers by conforming to the hyper-heterosexual feminine identity of gain educational capital by rejecting their working-class identity.
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What do DCSF suggest the gender gap in achievement is caused by? (external)
They suggest it is the result of boys' poorer literacy and language skills. One reason for this may be that parents spend less time reading to their songs, among other factors. Overall the lack of these skills affects performance.
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Why does Tony Sewell suggest boys fall behind in education?
He suggests that education has become 'feminised' meaning schools do not nurture 'masculine' traits such as competitiveness and leadership, instead they celebrate qualities more closely associated with girls e.g. methodical working and attentiveness.
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Why might the a shortage of male primary school teachers affect boys' performance in schools?
Only 14% of primary school teachers are male, yet studies suggest that the presence of a male teacher made them behave better and 42% said it made them work harder. They also lack a male role model.
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How do some sociologists suggest that 'laddish' subcultures may contribute to boys' underachievement?
They suggest that working-class boys are likely to be harassed, labelled as sissies and subjected to homophobic verbal abuse if they appear to be 'swots'. It is suggested boys are more concerned that girls about being labelled this way because it is
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How do some sociologists suggest that 'laddish' subcultures may contribute to boys' underachievement? (2)
a threat to their masculinity.
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What gender based differences are shown in National Curriculum options?
Whilst subjects like design and technology are compulsory, girls tend to choose the food technology option whereas boys choose graphics and resistant materials.
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What differences are shown in gendered a level subject choices?
Boys will often opt for maths and physics whilst girls will choose subjects such as sociology, English and languages.
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What is gender role socialisation?
Sociologists suggest that early socialisation shapes a child's gender identity. For example, the two genders are dressed differently, given different toys and encouraged to take part in different activities.
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How does gender role socialisation affect subject choices?
As a result of differences in socialistion, boys and girls develop different tastes in reading. These can lead to changes in subject choices as boys read hobby books and information texts while girls are more likely to read stories about people. This
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How does gender role socialisation affect subject choices? (2)
helps to explain why boys prefer science subjects and why girls prefer subjects such as English.
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Why do some sociologists argue science is seen as a boys' subject?
1. Science teachers are more likely to be men 2. The examples teachers use, and those in textbooks often draw on boys' rather than girls' interests 3. In science lesson, boys monopolise apparatus and dominate the laboratory acting as if it is theirs.
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How does single-sex schooling affect gendered subject choices?
Those in single-sex schools are more likely to make less stereotypical subject choices. Girls in single-sex state schools 2.4 times more likely to take A-level physics than those in mixed schools.
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Card 2

Front

How do some sociologists believe the impact of feminism has improved girls' results in education?

Back

The movement, whilst not fully achieving equality in society, has improved women's expectations and self-esteem. The rise of assertive and independent women has risen in the media as a result.

Card 3

Front

How do some sociologists argue that changes in the family have led to the improvement of girls' performance in education? (external)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How do some sociologists argue that changes in the family have led to the improvement of girls' performance in education? (2) (external)

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What two other external factors do sociologists argue have improved girls' performance in education?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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