Education pupil teacher relationships

Hidden curriculum- What is it?

Schools pass on a set of social norms and values to students, and they teach students things they may need in real life, this is known as the hidden curriculum

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Cotton, Winter and Bailey- Hidden curriculum

Argue that the hidden curriculumplaces high value on efficiency and value for money rather than promotion of equality and opportunity

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Giroux- Hidden curriculum

Argues that schools are a site for ideological struggle, different teachers value different things seperatly, some value punctuality over conformity etc.

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Labelling theory- What is it?

States that people decide on the characteristics of others and treat them accordingly, whether the label is fair or not. Labels are attached to students, and this affects how they achieve

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Self fuffiling prophecy- What is it?

Labeling can create this. Where the student internalises the label they have been given as part of their identity and act up to the label.

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Class organisation- Mixed ability

Pupils of all abilities are taught together, teaching is differentiated to engage weaker pupils. Social and educational benefits. Broader social mix, labelling on the basis of behaviour doesn't effect attainment

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Class organisation- Streaming

Pupils are placed in groups by ability for most of their lessons, ensures the most able are not held back

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Class organisation- Setting

Pupils are placed in ability groups for particular subjects, most common in England and Wales, especially preceding GCSE's

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Class organisation- Within class grouping

Pupils placed in ability groups in classes of mixed ability, more comon in primary schools, impact on motivation and self esteem.

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Increased influence of league tables

This has increased tendancy for schools to seperate pupils based on ability

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Ireson et al- Class room organisation

Grouping isn't allways based on atainment, but on behaviour as used as a method of control, setting is beneficial for top but not bottom ability students

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How do students feel about setting?

Pupils wished to be in the top group becuase it gave them status and superiority. Most pupils prefered whole class or individual work because they didn't feel left out

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Streamings role in pro and anti school subcultures

It can play a major role in polarising pro and anti school subcultures amongst pupils, setting might lead to more negative consequences in terms of labelling than positive

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Ability grouping when it involves setting

Preferred form of grouping among secondary pupils, greater level of mixed ability teaching in the school the more it is prefferd option among students

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Trend in setting/streaming use in schools

Declined in popularity since the 1970s, but has recently been reintroduced in schools due to the educational market place where they are competing for pupils and resources

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What is a subculture?

A subculture is a group who share ideas, and behaviour patterns which are different from the mainstream culture

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Hargreaves and Willis on subcultures

Refer to pro and anti school subcultures as homogenous and coherent groups that share uniform sets of values

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Woods against Hargreaves and Willis

Woods however argues that this is too simplistic, pupils use a variety of adaptations depending on the ways the values of the school are accepted or rejected

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Mac and ghail- Macho lads

Thr group was hostile to authority and learning, physical work their parents did was becoming extinct, youth training and unemployment grey among working class bouys

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Mac and Ghail- Academic achievers

Mostly from skilled manual labor working class families, adopted a more traditional and upwrdly mobile opinion. Had to develop ways of coping with stereotyping of femininity by macho lads

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Mac and Ghail- New entreprenures

Group identified as pro-school, embraces new vocationalism and rejected traditional curriculum. Studied subjects such as buisness and computing ahcieved mobility and employment

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Mac and Ghail- Real Englishmen

They were a small group of middle class pupils, from middle class liberal backgrounds, saw their own culture as superior. Saw the motivations of the achievers as shallow, aspire for uni and profesional career, achieve succes seemingly effortlessley

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Identity and its role in education

Considering a pupils identity can be a way of linking all the factors effecting achievement, identity can be linked to differential achievement.

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Structural theory of NEDs

Emphasizes importance of social structure such as class for explaining NEDs. Social change such as decline in unskilled labour are responsible for contemporary working class subcultures that reject values of school

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Agency theory of NEDs

Emphasises the active choices

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Fuller- female subculture

Looked at group of black girls at a comprehensive school. High ability, but felt teachers were racist, so they didnt work for teachers approval, but formed a subculture of work and success

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Lacey- Streaming

Claimed it was a result of streaming (subcultures). He studied a grammar school, students selected as bright at age 11, bottom stream still formed anti school culture because labelled as failiures

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Education pupil teacher relationships

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