Class differences in achievement: key studies and findings

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Barry Sugarman
4 key features that act as barriers
1 of 26
Basil Bernstein
Language codes
2 of 26
Leon Feinstein
4 ways M/C parents can give their children an advantage through socialisation
3 of 26
Pierre Bordieu
Capital
4 of 26
Marilyn Howard
Young people from poorer homes have poorer nutrition
5 of 26
Jo Blanden and Stephen Machin
Young children from low income families are more likely to engage in externalising behaviour
6 of 26
Richard Wilkinson
Among 10 y/o children, the lower the social class, the higher the rate of hyperactivity, anxiety and conduct disorders
7 of 26
Emily Tanner et al
The costs of education are a heavy burden on poor families
8 of 26
Teresa Smith and Michael Noble
Poverty acts as a barrier to learning in other ways
9 of 26
Diane Reay
W/C students are more likely to apply to local universities
10 of 26
Claire Callendar and Jon Jackson
W/C students are more debt averse
11 of 26
Louise Archer
Nike identities are a way of W/C pupils generating symbolic capital
12 of 26
Sarah Evans
W/C pupils are reluctant to apply to elite universities and universities away from home
13 of 26
Bordieu
Many W/C people think of elite universities as being 'not for the likes of us' because it is part of their habitus to think this way
14 of 26
Reay et al
This self-exclusion narrows the options for W/C students and therefore limits their success
15 of 26
Nicola Ingram
Having a W/C identity is inseparable to belonging to a W/C locality
16 of 26
Louise Archer
For W/C pupils to be educationally successful, they have to go through a process of losing themselves
17 of 26
Stephen Ball
Abolishing streaming
18 of 26
Peter Woods
Other pupil responses
19 of 26
Colin Lacey
Differentiation and polarisation
20 of 26
Robert Rosenthal and Leonora Jacobson
1968 study of a community elementary school in California
21 of 26
David Gillborn and Deborah Youdell
Publishing exam league tables creates the A-C economy, which leads to educational triage
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Mairead Dunne and Louise Gazeley
Schools persistently produce W/C underachievement
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Ray Rist
Teachers use information from children's home backgrounds and appearance to place them in separate groups
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Amelia Hempel-Jorgensen
The image of the 'ideal pupil' varies according to the social class make-up of the school
25 of 26
Howard Becker
Teachers judge pupils according to how closely they fit the image of the 'ideal pupil'
26 of 26

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Card 2

Front

Language codes

Back

Basil Bernstein

Card 3

Front

4 ways M/C parents can give their children an advantage through socialisation

Back

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Card 4

Front

Capital

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Young people from poorer homes have poorer nutrition

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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