Education internal external factors

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What is cultural deprivation ?
Inadequate socialisation in the home. They lack the cultural equipment to do well at school and so they underachieve.
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Language Bernstein
restricted code - used by w/c limited vocabulary and grammatically simple sentences . puts w/c at disadvantage --- Elaborate code - used by m/c complex vocab gives m/c advantage as it is the speech code used in schools
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Parents education
Douglas - w/c parents place less value on children's education which makes children less ambitious as parents give them less encouragement
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Feinstein - parents education
m/c parents place more value on education and as a result their children achieve
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parenting style m/c
m/c emphasise consistent discipline and have high expectations for their children = achievement
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parenting style w/c
inconsistent discipline emphasises 'doing as you're told'. prevents child from being independent and lack self control = less motivation in school
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Use of income m/c
m/c tend to have higher incomes = spend their money on ways to promote child's educational success e.g. books, educational toys (Bernstein and Young)
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use of income w/c
w/c lack money and therefore lack resources to benefit child's education
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Sugarman 4 key features of w/c subculture
Fatalism, collectivism, immediate gratification and present time orientation
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The myth of cultural deprivation
Keddie - victim blaming explanation. She argues that a child can not be deprived of its own culture and argues that w/c children are not culturally deprived, but culturally different. They fail because they are in an education system that is dominate
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Material deprivation
Lacking basic necessities due to poverty which leads to underachievement. e.g. 90% of 'failing' schools are located in deprived areas.
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Housing
Douglas - blames living conditions such as overcrowding on lack of achievement in schools = there is a lack of space for child to do work
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Diet and Health
Howard - young people from poorer homes have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals which weakens the immune system = more absences from school.
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Wilkinson Health
Wilkinson - among ten year olds, the lower the social class the higher the rate of hyperactivity, anxiety and conduct disorders which all have a negative effect on education.
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Financial support and the costs of education
Poorer families do without equipment that would enhance educational achievement.
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Fear of debt effects on education achievement
University involves taking on a lot of debt and that could deter them from enrolling and attending university.
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Define labelling (internal factor)
labelling is when you attach a meaning or definition to someone
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Becker's study
interactionist study of labelling - teachers judge pupils according to how closely they fitted the image of the 'ideal pupil'- teachers saw m/c pupil as closest to ideal
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Dunne and Gazeley
argue that schools persistently produce w/c underachievement because of the labels teachers give pupils. they normalised the underachievement of w/c.
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self fulfilling prophecy
when the label given to the pupil becomes true
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Define streaming
separating children into groups based on their ability. These groups are then taught separately from the others for all subjects
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w/c streaming
Becker - teachers place w/c in lower streams because they are not seen as 'ideal pupil'. Makes it hard for pupils to move up because they are locked into teachers expectations of them
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Douglas and streaming
Found that children placed in lower streams at age 8 had suffered decline in IQ score by age 11
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Gillborn and Youdell A to C economy
system where schools focus on the pupils they see as having the potential to get good grades and so boost the schools league table position
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differentiation
the process of teachers categorising pupils according to how they perceive their ability e.g streaming is differentiation
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pro-school subculture
pupils placed in high streams like m/c have a pro school subculture remain committed to values of the school
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anti school subculture
low stream pupils e.g w/c suffer loss of self esteem gain status from rebelling against schools rules
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criticism of labelling
- external factors - assumes that pupils who are labelled have no choice but to fail . Fuller's study shows that this is not true.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Language Bernstein

Back

restricted code - used by w/c limited vocabulary and grammatically simple sentences . puts w/c at disadvantage --- Elaborate code - used by m/c complex vocab gives m/c advantage as it is the speech code used in schools

Card 3

Front

Parents education

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Feinstein - parents education

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

parenting style m/c

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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