Education

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Formal education
takes place in classrooms where there is a syllabus and set content to be taught and learned
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Informal education
takes place outside classrooms at home or work through daily interactions
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Official curriculum
the subjects and lessons and their content
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Hidden curriculum
attitudes and behaviour that are taught through the way the school is run and how teachers act rather than through taught content of a lesson
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Socialisation
The process of learning culture
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Secondary socialisation
socialisation after the period of primary socialisation, that is after the basic norms and values
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Social expectations
the ways in which people are expected to behave in a particular social situation
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Social control
any ways in which people are persuaded or forced to behave in particular ways
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Sanctions
any way in which children are reprimanded or receive something negative for something they have done
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Rewards
any way in which children are praised or receive something positive for something they have done
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Functions of education
the ways in which education contributes to society
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Social mobility
the movement of individuals or groups up or down the social hierarchy
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Equality of opportunity
when everyone has the same chance of succeeding
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Meritocracy
a system in which individuals reach the social positions they deserve based on their educational achievement, talent and skills
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Post-compulsory education
education after the school-leaving age where individuals choose to stay in education when they could have left it
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State schools
Schools that are run directly or indirectly by the government
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Private schools
a school that is not run or controlled by the government, rather paid by individuals fees
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Faith schools
schools controlled by a religious organisation
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Selective education
pupils are selected or excluded on the basis of their academic ability
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Comprehensive system
non-selective secondary schools accepting all the children in an area
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Life chances
the opportunities that individuals have to improve their life
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Cultural capital
the knowledge, language, attitudes, and values that give those who have them an advantage in the educational system
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Educational inequality
based on class, gender and ethnicity, when different groups are treated differently or have different levels of educational achievement
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Positive discrimination
giving disadvantaged groups better treatment than others in an attempt to make up for their disadvantage
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Social factors
things that affect lifestyle, and life chances such as wealth, religion and occupation
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Discrimination
when a group is treated unfairly in society
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Ethnocentrism
seeing other cultures from the point of view of your own, so that the other culture is devalued
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Intelligence
how cleaver someone is
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Social stratification
the different levels into which societies are divided such as upper, middle and working class, differences in wealth, power and status
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Educational achievement
how well individuals do in the school system, measured by exam results
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Labelling
defining a person or group in a particular way so that certain behaviour is expected from them
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Streaming
when children are taught in classes of similar ability for all subjects
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Material deprivation
problems in the standard of living in the home background of some children that prevent them in achievement in education
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Home factors
factors in the home background that affect how they do in school
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Cultural deprivation
aspects of values and attitudes from the home and family background of some children that prevent them from succeeding in education
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Deferred gratification
having long-term aims and being willing to postpone rewards
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Immediate gratification
having short-term aims and wanting rewards straight away
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Restricted codes
a form of language used with friends and family where there are shared meanings
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Elaborated codes
a form of language used in careful explanation and detail and in formal contexts
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School factors
Factors at school that affect childrens educational achievement
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Self-fulfilling prophecy
when people act in a way they have been expected to, making expectations come true
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Setting
when children are taught in classes of similar ability for individual subjects
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Anti-social subcultures
the norms and values of a group of pupils who reject school values
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Culture of masculinity
norms and values that involve masculine characteristics e.g sports
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Social conformity
fitting in with social expectations for behaviour
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IQ tests
intelligence tests involve answering questions which are supposed to identify your intelligence
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Vocationalism
vocational education prepares people for work or trains them for a particular career
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

takes place outside classrooms at home or work through daily interactions

Back

Informal education

Card 3

Front

the subjects and lessons and their content

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

attitudes and behaviour that are taught through the way the school is run and how teachers act rather than through taught content of a lesson

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The process of learning culture

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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