An element with a different number of neutrons compared to the protons.
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Why can an isotope be radioactive?
The isotope could be unstable as its nuclei have too much or too few neutrons. To become more stable, the atom will split up or disintegrate, whilst emitting radiation.
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Describe the properties of radioactive radiation and its ionisation.
Alpha is a helium nucleus, it has a positive charge and is strongly ionising. Beta is a high-energy electron, it has medium ionising power. Gamma is a high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, it has poor ionising power.
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How does the ionising property of radiation work?
The radiation can collide with stable atoms or molecules, they become charged as electrons can become ‘knocked out’ of the structure. The alteration in their structure leaves the atom an ions or charged particles.
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What is the longevity of radiation?
Alpha does not very long; paper can absorb it. Beta particles can be absorbed by a few mm of aluminium. Gamma is very penetrating; it needs many cm of lead, or many m of concrete to be absorbed.
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What is nuclear fission?
It is the process of splitting up atomic nuclei.
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What is nuclear fission used for?
It is used to make electricity.
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Describe nuclear fission.
A neutron is shot towards a fissible material; this collision will create two fission products, 3 neutrons that will collide with other substances, and energy. The products of nuclear fission are radioactive, so they have to be disposed of. This proc
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Why can an isotope be radioactive?
Back
The isotope could be unstable as its nuclei have too much or too few neutrons. To become more stable, the atom will split up or disintegrate, whilst emitting radiation.
Card 3
Front
Describe the properties of radioactive radiation and its ionisation.
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