Edexcel Biology (B1) Topic 1

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Classification, Inheritance and Variation.
Topic 1
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What is Classification?
Sorting Animals into Groups Based on Their Characteristics.
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What are the 5 Kingdoms?
Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protoctista and Prokaryotae
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Features of Animalia
Multicellular, No Cell Wall or Chlorophyll, Heterotrophic Feeders.
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Features of Plantae
Multicellular, Cell Walls, Chlorophyll, Autotrophic Feeders.
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Features of Fungi
Multicellular, Cell Walls, No Chlorophyll, Saprophytic Feeders.
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Features of Protoctista
Usually Unicellular, Nucleus
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Features of Prokaryotes
Unicellular, No nucleus
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What are the 7 Sub-Catagories?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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What is a Species?
Organisms that Have Many Characteristics in Common.
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Why are Viruses Not Classed as Living?
Doesn't Show MRS NERG, Only Exist Inside a 'Host', Not Made up of Cell Organelles.
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Vertebrate?
Animals With a Supporting 'Rod-Like' Backbone.
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Invertebrate?
Animals Without a Supporting 'Rod-Like' Backbone.
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What are the Vertebrate Classes?
Way Oxygen is Taken in, Thermoregulation, Reproduction.
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Ways Oxygen is Absorbed
Lungs, Gills, Through Skin.
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Thermoregulation Types
Homeotherms (Maintains own Temperture). Poikilotherms (Temperture Varies wih Surroundings).
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Reproduction Types
Oviparous (Lay Eggs). Viviparous (Give Birth to Young).
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What are the Complication of Classification?
Variation Within a Species, Hybridisation, Ring Species.
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Hybridisation?
Close Related Species Breed, Offspring Characteristics of Both and Infertile.
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Ring Species?
Neighbouring Species Have Different Characteristics But Can Interbreed, Two ends of the Ring can't Interbreed.
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What is a Key?
Keys are Used to Help Identify a Species by Answering Statements.
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Variation?
Difference in Characteristics.
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Discontinuous Variation?
Fixed Set of Values. Eg. Shoe SIze, Gender, Blood Group. Plotted on Bar Graph.
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Continuous Variation?
Value Can Be Any Number Within a Range. Eg. Height Weight. Plotted on Line Graph (Bell-Shaped Curve).
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What is Biodiversity?
A Measure of the Total Number of Species in an Area.
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Why do Biodiversity Hotspots Need to be Protected?
They Contain a Large Variet of Species Within Them.
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What is Inherited Variation?
This is a Characteristic of Genetic Inheritence.
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Name the Main Inherited Variations?
Eye Colour, Skin Colour, Hair Colour and Lobed or Lobeless Ears.
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What is Environmental Variation?
Variation Caused by Surroundings.
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Name the Main Environmental Variation.
Language and Religion.
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What Book did Charles Darwin Write?
On the Origin of Species.
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What is Over-Production?
When Several Organisms Produce More Offspring Than Necessary.
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When is There Struggle for Existence?
When There is Competition for Resources.
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What Increases the Chance of Survival?
When An Organism Has Adapted Characteristics to the Environment.
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What Are Inherited By Offspring?
Useful Characteristics.
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How was Darwin's Theory Supported?
It was Supported Using the DNA From Different Organisms.
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What was Influence the Change of DNA?
The Environment.
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What Shows if Species are Closely Related?
DNA.
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What is Speciation?
When Isolated Populations Evolve Into a New Species via Adaptation.
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How is Scientist's Evidence Assessed?
Scientific Journals, Peer Review and Scientific Confrences.
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What Does DNA Stand For?
DeoxyriboNucleic Acid.
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Where is the DNA?
Inside the Nucleus.
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What Does DNA Molecules Form?
Chromosomes.
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What is a Gene?
A Short Section of DNA Which Codes for a Specific Protein.
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What are the Different Types of Alleles'?
Dominant and Recessive.
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Same Genes But Different Forms are Called?
Alleles.
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What is Heterozygous?
Where One Gene is Dominant and the Other is Recessive.
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What is Homozygous?
Where Both Genes are the Same. Eg: Homozygous Dominant or Recessive.
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What is a Genetic Diagram?
A Diagram That Helps us Understand the Outomes When Offspring is Produced.
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What Sort of Allele Is a Capital Letter?
Dominant.
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What Sort of Allele Is a Lower-Case Letter?
Recessive?
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What Allele Causes Cystic Fibrosis?
Recessive (ff).
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How Many Copies of the Faulty Allele Do You Need For Cystic Fibrosis?
Two.
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Name the Symptoms of Cystic Fibrosis?
Thick and Sticky Mucus in the Lungs, Respiratory Infections and It Affects The Digestion of Food.
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What Allele Cause Sickle Cell?
Recessive (aa).
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Many Copies of the Faulty Allele Do You Need For Sickle Cell?
Two
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Name the Symptoms of Sickle Cell?
Tiredness, Painful Joints and Blood Clots.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Sorting Animals into Groups Based on Their Characteristics.

Back

What is Classification?

Card 3

Front

Animalia, Plantae, Fungi, Protoctista and Prokaryotae

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Multicellular, No Cell Wall or Chlorophyll, Heterotrophic Feeders.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Multicellular, Cell Walls, Chlorophyll, Autotrophic Feeders.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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