UK Ecosystems intro

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  • Created by: ppogba
  • Created on: 09-08-19 16:26
Between how many years ago did the 'Devensian cold stage' last?
115,000- 10,000 years ago.
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What are Interstadials?
embedded periods of temporarily 'warm' conditions
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What are Stadials?
embedded periods of 'cold' conditions
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What was the name of the first significant warm period in the DCS? How many years ago?
Chelford Interstadial. 60,000 years ago.
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Describe the vegetation and animals found in the Chelford Interstadial?
birch, pine and spruce. rich vertebrate fauna (bear, fox, deer, elk, wooly rhino etc)
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What was the name of the next significant warm period after the Chelford Interstadial? How many years ago did it last for?
Upton Warren Interstadial Complex. 42,000- 38,000 yrs ago.
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This period included species-rich flora that were thermophilous. What does this mean?
warm-weather species
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Give examples of vegetation during the Upton Warren Interstadial. What was there a notable absence of?
dwarf willows and birch. But no trees, either due to coldness or herbivores.
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Give examples of fauna present?
mammoth, woolly rhino, bison, reindeer, horse.
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Following the Upton Warren Interstadial was a long period of cold. What was it called and how long ago?
Dimlington Stadial. 21,000 years ago.
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What major climate event occurred during the Dimlington Stadial?
Maximum expansion of the Devensian ice- extensive ice sheets.
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What was the next major climate period that followed the Dimlington Stadial? How long ago?
Windermere Interstadial. rapid climatic warming after 13,000 yrs ago.
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Describe the vegetation of Windermere Interstadial?
Park-tundra vegetation ('tundra will copses of birch), more continuous woodland, Pine woods in south and east (of UK)
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What climatic period followed the Windermere Interstadial? How long did it last?
Loch Lomond Stadial? lasted for about 1000 years, up to around 10,000 yrs ago.
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Describe environment and vegetation during this period?
Patchy permafrost and tundra. but tree birches and pine survived.
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What was the name of the period that the followed the LLS?
The LLS ended with rapid temperature rise, which led into post-glacial (Flandrian) period.
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Name the 2 Scandinavian botanists who proposed a climatic subdivision of the post-glacial period? What was the subdivision based on?
Axel Blytt and Rolf Sernander. based on the stratigraphy of peatlands.
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Name the 5 periods during the post-glacial period?
Pre-boreal, Boreal, Atlantic, Sub-boreal, sub-atlantic.
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What is the suggested climate of the pre-boreal period? What date did it occur?
Sub-arctic. 9500 BC
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What was the suggested climate for the Boreal period and what date?
Warmer and dry. 7600 BC
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What was the suggested climate for the Atlantic period and what date?
Warm and wet. Oceanic. 5500 BC
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What was the suggested climate for the Sub-boreal period and what date?
warm and dry. Continental. 3000 BC
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What was the suggested climate for the Sub-atlantic period and what date?
cool and wet. Oceanic. 500 BC.
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In the UK, the Godwin zone is used alongside the 5 periods. What is it for and where does it come from?
to determine how UK vegetation has changed over the years. Comes from pollen core based in Hockham Mere (E.Anglia).
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For the 5 periods in the post-glacial period, give their Godwin zone number.
Pre-boreal (IV). Boreal (V, VI). Atlantic (VIIa). Sub-boreal (VIIb). Sub-atlantic (VIII).
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What do Zones I-III equate to?
Zone I. pre-Windermere, II. Windermere interstadial, III. Loch Lomond stadial.
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What is zone IV known as?
Post glacial birch zone?
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Describe the vegetation types during zone IV.
Birch dominant. willows + junipers. some pine, but restricted to south.
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What is zone V known as?
Hazel-Pine-Birch period.
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Describe the vegetation types during zone V.
Hazel expansion (esp.N+W). Birch still dominant in NW despite warming. Pine dominating south. Pollen evidence for warm-loving (thermophilous) trees starting to form.
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What is zone VI known as?
Hazel-pine period.
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Describe vegetation during zone VI?
Pine abundant nearly everywhere. Hazel still important. Appearance of thermophilous trees. Expansion of elm, hazel, then oak, then lime and alder.
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What is zone VII known as?
The 'Forest Maximum' in UK. (Alder/mixed oak)
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Describe vegetation during zone VII.
Rapid increase in alder (at expense of Pine and Birch). Oak still quite abundant. Lime reaches peak.
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What is the difference between zone VIIa and VIIb?
Elm declines halfway through zone VII. Possibly due to conditions becoming drier.
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The forest maximum covered most of the UK by forest. Describe the vegetation in the UK?
Birch restricted to N. Scotland. Pine in northern upland and western (wetter regions). Oak northern, central, west. Thermophilous species- South and east.
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Give some examples of thermophilous tree species?
Alder, lime, ash.
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Describe the climate of the Forest maximum.
Called the Atlantic period. Warm and wet = 'climatic optimum' of the post glacial period.
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What does 'climatic optimum' imply?
Implies both high temperatures and pronounced oceanicity.
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What was zone VIII known as?
Alder-birch-oak-beech period.
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Describe vegetation during zone VIII.
Lime declines. Apperances of beech and hornbeam.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are Interstadials?

Back

embedded periods of temporarily 'warm' conditions

Card 3

Front

What are Stadials?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the name of the first significant warm period in the DCS? How many years ago?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Describe the vegetation and animals found in the Chelford Interstadial?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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