Economic methodology and the economic problem

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  • Created by: yana_00
  • Created on: 10-05-18 22:05
Natural science
Objects, phenomena or laws of the nature and the physical world e.g physics,biology,chemistry
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Social science
Study of human society and of individuals relationship in and to society. e.g. economics , business, psychology.
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Hard/soft theories
HARD = ALWAYS APPLY , SOFT = SHOULD APPLY BUT MAY BE EXCEPTIONS
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Positive Statement
A statement that can be proven to be true or false. It contains statistics and facts.
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Normative statement
Based on opinion and value judgements. Cannot be proven to be right or wrong.
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What are economic decisions influenced by ?
Value, moral and political judgements.
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ECONOMIC PROBLEM
SCARCE RESOURCES: limited income, limited time , limited natural resources
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Opportunity cost
The cost of giving up the best next alternative.
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Factors of production and their returns
LAND=RENT, LABOUR=WAGES, CAPITAL=INTEREST , ENTERPRISE=PROFIT
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Capital/producer goods
Used to make other goods and services
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Consumer goods
Consumed by individuals to satisfy their own needs and wants.
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Planned economy
The government decides on the production of goods and services.
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Free-market economy
the market decides what is being producing based on demand and supply.
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Mixed economy
goods and services generally provided by the market except when the government decided to intervene to prevent market failure e.g. NHS and education
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Economic growth
Increase in the capacity of an economy and enable them to produce more goods and services.
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Causes of an increase in PPF
Higher productivity/efficiency, better management, increase in investment, discovery and extraction of new natural resources, innovation and invention of new products.
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Causes of a decrease in PPF
Natural distasters, war, political instability, disease,outward migration, decline in productivity perhaps created by recession leading to lower investment.
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Productive efficiency
Producing at the minimum average cost producing the maximum possible output from units.
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Allocative efficiency
Resources are being used to produce what consumers want. AR=MC
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Social science

Back

Study of human society and of individuals relationship in and to society. e.g. economics , business, psychology.

Card 3

Front

Hard/soft theories

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Positive Statement

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Normative statement

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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