the use of resources and the available technology to improve the standard of living within a country
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Environmental impact assessment
a document required by law in many countries, detailing all the impacts on the environment of a project above a certain size
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Quality of life
sums up all the factors that affect a person's general well-being and happiness
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Sustainable development
development that meets the needs of the present without harming the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
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GDP (gross domestic product)
the total value of goods and services a country provides in one year
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North-South divide
the simple division between MEDCs (mainly in the north) and LEDCs (mainly in the south)
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Internation aid
the giving of resources (money, food, technology etc.) by one country or an organisation to another poorer country. The primary objective is to improve the economy and quality of life in the poorer country.
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Product chain
the full sequence of activities needed to turn raw materials into a finished product.
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Foreign direct investment
overseas investments in physical capital by MNCs
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Multinational companies (MNCs)
firms that produce goods in more than one country
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Subsistence farming
the most basic form of agriculture where the produce is consumed entirely or mainly by the family who work the land or tend the livestock.
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Outsourcing
where a company contracts out some of its work to another company. This usually happens because a company can save money. However, it can also happen if a company lacks certain skills.
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Extensive farming
when one type of farming and large farms dominate a very large area. Inputs per hectare are low compared with intensive farming, such as market gardening
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Optimum location
the location that best satisfies the objectives of the company. For most, this will be the maximum profit location.
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Back offices
offices of a company handling high-volume communications by telephone or electronic transaction.
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Global city
major world city supplying financial, business and other significant services to all parts of the world.
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High-technology cluster
where high-tech companies group together in a region as their location factors are similar
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Globalisation
the process of countries becoming more integrated because of international trade, investment and improvements in communications
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New international division of Labour (NIDL)
this divides production into different skills and tasks that are spread across regions and countries rather than within a single company
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Deindustrialisation
the long-term absolute decline of employment in manufacturing.
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Dependent
when an area is reliant on one company or type of company for the majority of its employment.
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Economies of scale
a situation in which an increase in the scale at which a business operates will lead to a reduction in the average costs of production.
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Reindustrialisation
the establishment of new industries in a country or region that has experienced considerable decline of traditional industries.
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Global civil society
international groups, associations and movements that are not controlled by the state government
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Carbon footprint
the effect human activities have on the climate in terms of the total amount of greenhouse gas production
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Greenhouse effect
where the long wavelength heat rays from the earth's surface are trapped of reflected back by the atmosphere
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Biofuels
any fuel derived from plants and animal waste.
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Community energy
energy produced close to the point of consumption.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
a document required by law in many countries, detailing all the impacts on the environment of a project above a certain size
Back
Environmental impact assessment
Card 3
Front
sums up all the factors that affect a person's general well-being and happiness
Back
Card 4
Front
development that meets the needs of the present without harming the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Back
Card 5
Front
the total value of goods and services a country provides in one year
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