ecology fashcards

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  • Created by: Hidayah
  • Created on: 11-01-18 17:37
habitat
place where an organsim lives
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population
all organisms of one species in a habitat
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community
population of different species in an habitat
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abiotic
non living factors of enviroment
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biotic
living factors of envieroment
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ecosystem
interaction of living organisms with non living parts of their enviroment
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what animals need to survive
food,water,territory (space),mates
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what plants need to survive
light, water, space, mineral ions
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stable community
population sizes roughly constant because species and enviromental factors are in balance
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abiotic factors
moisture levels, light intensity, temperature, co2 levels, wind intensity and direction, oxygen levels, soil ph and mineral content
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how does decrease in light intensity, co2 levels and temperature affect the plant population and animal population
decreased photsynthesis= less plants= less plants for herbivores= decrease in herbivore population
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biotic factors
predator, competition, food availability, new pathogen
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what effect does a change inn biotic factor have
knock on effect because of interdependence
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interdependence
species depending on other species in order to survive
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structural adaptations
arctic- white fur to camaflouge cold- blubber and low surface area to volume ratio in order to retain heat hot-thin layer of fat and high surface area to colume ratio to lose heat quickly
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behavioural adaptations
migrate in winter conditions if not adapted well enough
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functional adaptations
desert animals-very little sweat and urine to retain water bears-low metabolism in winte to conserve energy so they dont need to hunt for food
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what are the stages of the food chain
producer-primary consumer-secondary consumer-teritary consumer
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increase in prey
increase in predator
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increase in predator
decrease in prey
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decrease in prey
decrease in predator
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how do you randomly place a quadrat
use arandom number generator, pick out a letter and a number, thats the co ordinate where the quadrat should be placed
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how to use a transect
1. mark out line on area of study, 2. collect data across line, 3. count or use a quadrat. 3. work out percentage cover of the quadrat
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percntage cover of a quadrat equation
(no of squares covered by source A/total number of square)x 100
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factors affecting enviromental change
temperature, water availability, compisition of atmospheric gases
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the water cycle
evaporates from ocean, condenses into clouds, precipitation falls to high cround, animals have fresh water, remaining water falls downn into ocean, water from plants back into clouds through transiration
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the carbon cycle
respiration by animals and plants, waste from plants to fossil fuels, combust then release co2 into atmosphere
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detrius feeder
breaks down plants into food and wste
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saprobiotic organism
breaks down molecules in soil and buried plant matter
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scavangers
starts to open up corpses
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nitrogen cycle
proteins/dna-decomposes-ammonia made
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compost
decomposed organic matter
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factors affecting rate of decay
temperature,water and oxygen availabiity, number of decay organisms
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biogas
anarobic respiration for microorganisms to decay plants and animals, produced by fermentation of organic matter, produces methane, used for heating and cooking when transferred into electricity
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batch generator
small batches, manually loaded, bi product needs clearing away, small scale
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continuous generator
large scall, running at all time, continuous, automatically fed in waste, made at steady rate
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how many cm cubed of milk and lipase
5cm
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how many cm cubed of sodium carbonate
7cm
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how many drops of plenopthalim
5
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what gets added to milk before going in the water bath
sodium carbonate= alkaline and plenthailium=turns pink,indicator
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biodiveersity
variety of diffrenet species of organism on ears within an ecosystem
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what type of community does biodiversity happen
a stable community
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how does human population affect biodiversity
use of more waste chemicals=more harmful pollutants=kill animals and plants=less biodiversity
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how sewage and toxic chemicals affect water
polute lakes=affect plants and animals relying on water= less biodiversity
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consequences of global warming
melt ice caps=rising sea levels=flooding, organisms that need higher temps=more distibuted colder temps=less distributed
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peat bogs
when organisms dont fully decay, peat bogs are more acidic and waterlogged
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why peats release co2
carbon stores up in peats and is used for fuel and sold as compost. when peats are drained they decompose and release co2 as microrganisms respire. burning=release of co2.
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destroying peat bogs
loss of habitat=reduce in biodiversity
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problems with deforestation
less co2 taken in and more co2 in atmosphere.less biodiversity
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programmes set up to maintain ecosystems and biodiversity
breeding programme, habitat protection, prevent global warming, reducing waste
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problems with programmes
cost-subsidy given to farmers and costs to keep an eye on programmes set up. people who were cutting down trees become unemployed affecting local economy
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trophic levels
produceers-primary consumer-secondary consumer-teritory consumer-decomposer
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biomass
shows relative mass of trophic levels (how much they would weigh all together)
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why biomass is lost
some part of an organism isnt eate, some is egested and excreted instead of absorbed, biomass used for other thigs (to keep warm etc)
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biomass efficiency
biomass transfered to next level/biomass available x 100
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food security
having enough food to feed a population
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threats to food security
increased population, demand for certain foods, new pests and pathogens, high input costs into farming, conflict
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fishing quotas
limitation on amount of fish of certain species alowed to be fishedd=prevents overfishing
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net size
bigger nets allows escapes of younger fish to breed and unwanted fish can escape
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limiting livestock in an area
reduces energy transfer from organism to enviroment, more energy to grow= more food
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disadvantages of limited livestock space
disease spreads easily, cruel, unnaturla and uncomfortable conditions
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engineering bacteria to produce human insulin
cuts from insulin in human cella and plamid from bacteria using restricttion enzyme. ligase used to join plasmid and insulin. recombined gene back into bacteria and harvested and purified in a large vat
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mycoprotein
meat substitute fungis grown in aerobic conditions an glucose syrup harvested and purrified to use as a food source
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advantages of gmo
more nutrients, grow better in drought conditions, resistant to pests= increased yield
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disadvantages of gmo crops
proverty needs to be dealt with first, countries could become dependent on gmo crops, cm crops cant surive bad soil just like normal crops
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

population

Back

all organisms of one species in a habitat

Card 3

Front

community

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

abiotic

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

biotic

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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