A system which occurs due to interaction of a community of living organisms with non-living parts of the environment
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Suggest what plants compete for in a community?
Sunlight, Water, Space, Mineral / ions
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Suggest what animals compete for in a community?
Food, Mates, Territory
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Explain what is meant by interdependence?
Each species within a community depends on other species for food, shelter, pollination, seed dispersal etc – removing a species could have serous consequences
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Give 5 example of abiotic factors (non-living)
Light intensity, Temperature, Moisture levels, Soil pH and mineral content, Wind intensity
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Give 4 examples of biotics factors (living)
Availability of food, New predators arriving, New pathogens, Competition with other species
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How is a polar bear adapted to survive?
Fur coat for warmth, White colour fur for camouflage, Sharp teeth to eat its prey
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What are extremophiles?
These are species which can survive in extreme conditions such as high temperature, pressure, or salt concentration
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Give an example of an extremophile
Bacteria
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Suggest how feeding relationships are illustrated
Using food chains – always start with a producer (green plant / algae)
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State the use of transects and quadrates
They are used to analyse the distribution and abundance of species in an ecosystem
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Define a producer, consumer, herbivore, carnivore
Producer – produces food (usually a plant), Consumer – organism which eats other organisms, Herbivore – only eats producers (plants), Carnivore – organisms that eats consumers (meat)
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Describe the carbon cycle
Microorganisms break down dead plants and animals which releases carbon back into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide to be used by plants in photosynthesis
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Explain the importance of the water cycle
It provides fresh water for pants and animals on land before draining into the sea
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Explain what is meant by biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variety of all the different species of organisms on earth, or within an ecosystem.
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What is causing biodiversity to be reduced?
The human population is expanding and therefore requiring more space and resources, thus destroying habitats and availability of food for species
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Suggest what is happening to the pollution levels
With the increasing human population and an increase in the standards of living more resources are used and so the amount of waste is increasing
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Give 4 examples of pollution
Fertilisers and toxic chemicals can pollute water, Smoke and acid gases can pollute the air, Landfill and toxic gases can pollute lands, Reduces biodiversity by killing plants and animals
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What is meant by global warming?
Increase in the Earth’s temperature due to the increase in carbon dioxide and methane levels. The carbon cycle is no longer in balance
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Describe some causes of global warming
Increase in pollution, Deforestation – removal of plants so less carbon dioxide is absorbed for photosynthesis, Decay and burning of peat bogs release carbon dioxide
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Give 4 different methods used to help maintain biodiversity
Breeding programmes for endangered species, Protection and regeneration of rare habitats, Reduction of deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions, Recycling resources rather than dumping them in landfill sites
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