A belief in the virtues of rural existence: simplicity, community and a closeness to nature, in contrast to the allegedly corrupting influence of urban and industrialized life.
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Transnationalism
Processes and developments that transcend national and state boundaries and thus have a cross-border character; transnationalism fuels globalization
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Humanism
A philosophy that gives moral priority to the achievement of human needs and ends
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Ecology
The study of the relationship between living organisms and the environment; ecology stresses the network of relationships that sustains all forms of life
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Ecocentricism
A theoretical orientation that gives priority to the maintenance of ecological balance rather than the achievement of human ends
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Anthropocentricism
A belief that human needs and interests are of overriding moral importance
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Shallow ecology
A green ideological perspective that harnesses the lessons of ecology to human needs and ends, and is associated with values such as sustainability and conservation
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Deep ecology
A green ideological perspective that rejects anthropocentricism and gives priority to the maintenance of nature.
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Environmentalism
A belief in the political importance of the natural environment; often used to denote a reformist approach to nature that reflects human needs and concerns
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Social ecology
The theory that human society operates according to ecological principles, implying a belief in natural harmony and the need for a balance between humankind and nature
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Holism
A belief that the whole is more important than its parts
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Gaia Hypothesis
The theory that the Earth is best understood as a living entity that acts to maintain its own existence
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Entropy
A tendency towards decay or disintegration, exhibited by all 'closed' systems
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Sustainability
The capacity of a system to maintain its health and continue in existence over a period of time
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Speciesism
A belief in the superiority of one species over other species, through the denial of their moral significance
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Biocentric equality
The principle that all organisms and entities in the ecosphere are of equal moral worth, each of them being part of an interrelated whole
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Postmaterialism
A theory that as material affluence spreads, 'quality of life' issues and concerns tend to displace economic ones.
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Self-actualization
Personal fulfilment brought about by the refinement of sensibilities; self-actualization is usually linked to the transcendence of egoism and materialism
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Processes and developments that transcend national and state boundaries and thus have a cross-border character; transnationalism fuels globalization
Back
Transnationalism
Card 3
Front
A philosophy that gives moral priority to the achievement of human needs and ends
Back
Card 4
Front
The study of the relationship between living organisms and the environment; ecology stresses the network of relationships that sustains all forms of life
Back
Card 5
Front
A theoretical orientation that gives priority to the maintenance of ecological balance rather than the achievement of human ends
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