focus on the adaptive nature of behaviour i.e modern behaviours are believed to have evolved because they solved challenges faced by our distant ancestors and so became more widespread in the gene pool.
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Food preference
The way in which people choose from among available foods on the basis of biological and learned perceptions such as taste, health characters, etc.
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Neophobia
An extreme dislike and avoidance of anything that is new or unfamiliar.
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Taste aversion
A learned response to eating toxic, spoiled or posioned foods which results in the animal avoiding eating the food which made it ill in the future.
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Learning
Acquisition of knowledge, skills or habits through experience, observation or teaching.
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Ghrelin
A hormone that is released in the stomach and which stimulates the hypothalamus to increase appetite. Gjrelin levels increase when a person's bodily resources are low.
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Hypothalamus
An area of the brain which has a number of important functions, including the regulation of body temperature, hunger and thirst.
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Leptin
A hormone that plays a crucial role in appetite and weight control . Normally produced by fat tissue. Secreted in the blood stream where it travels to the brain and decreases appetite.
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Anorexia nervosa
A type of eating disorder in which an individual despite being seriously underweight , fears that they might become obese and therefore engages in self-starvation to prevent this happening.
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Biological explanations
A belief that a full understanding of thoughts, emotions and behaviour might include an understanding of their biological basis i.e the role of genetics, neural correlates and hormones.
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Genetic explanations
The likelihood of behaving a certain way is determined by a person's genetic makeup i.e. it is inherited from parents.
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Neural explanations
involve areas of the brain and nervous system and the action of chemical messengers in the brain known as neurotransmitters in controlling behaviours.
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Autonomy
The freedom to make decisions and determine actions without the constraints imposed by others.
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Control
To direct or to exercise authoritative influence over events or behaviours.
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Enmeshment
Describes a family where parents are over-emotionally involved with their children but may be dismissive of their emotional needs. This can make it difficult for the child to develop an independent self-concept.
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Family systems theory
Claims that individuals cannot be understood in isolation from one another, but rather as part of their family.
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Media
The various means of communication such as radio, television, newspapers and Internet, that reach and influence people widely.
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Modelling
A form of learning where individuals learn a particular behaviour
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Reinforcement
A term used in psychology to refer to anything that strengthens
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Social learning
Learning through observing others and imitating behaviours that are rewarded.
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Cognitive theory
This is any explanation about the way in which a person processes information that affects their feeling and behaviour.
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Distortions
Thinking that has a bias such that what is perceived by a person doesnt match reality.
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Irrational beliefs
Beliefs that are unhelpful, illogical and inconsistent with our social reality.
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Biological explanations
A belief that a full understanding of thoughts, emotions and behaviour must include an understanding of their biological basis i.e. role of genetic, neural correlates and hormones.
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Disinhibition
The removal of normal inhibitions to overeating (satiation), resultng in the tendency to overeat in response to a range of different stimuli.
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Restraint theory
Restraint is the conscious restriction of food intake to prevent weight gain or promote weight loss. This theory proposes that attempting to restrain eating actually increases probability of overeating.
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Dieting
A deliberate reduction of food intake in an attempt to lose weight.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Food preference
Back
The way in which people choose from among available foods on the basis of biological and learned perceptions such as taste, health characters, etc.
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