earth

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  • Created by: 14megan
  • Created on: 29-04-19 18:54
what is the crust like and what's it's depth?
it's a thin layer of solid rock that all the land and oceans rest on. 5-60km.
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what is the mantle like and what's it's depth?
layer of semi-molten rock that moves really slowly but all the time. 60-3000 km.
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what is the outer core like and what's it's depth?
it's incredibly hot and is made of liquid metal, mainly iron and nickel. 3000-5000km.
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what is the core like and what's it's depth?
hottest part of the earth, but solid because of the enormous pressure; made mostly of iron and some nickel. 5000-6400km.
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who first suggested the theory of continental drift (Pangaea-Supercontinent)?
Alfred Wegner
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what are the three main pieces of evidence that supports the theory?
1.fossils of animals and plant life on different continents. 2.edges of the continents are like a jigsaw. 3.similar rocks found in the continents.
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why was the theory rejected by more renowned scientists of the time?
because Alfred Wegner couldn't prove how the plates moved and they thought there were land bridges, little evidence.
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what are four pieces of new evidence to back up the the theory?
1.large mountain ranges and canyons in the ocean. 2.1960-rock from the middle of the Atlantic ocean is considerably younger than the edge (sea floor spreading). 3.magnetic patterns in rocks so Britain has spun around and moved north. 4.magnetic
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(continued)
patterns in rocks from Britain exactly match those from North America.
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what evidence is there for plates moving via convection currents?
earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanoes, mountain ranges.
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what is a conservative plate boundary?
two plates that move alongside each other. they can be moving in the same or opposite direction. e.g earthquakes, tsunamis.
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what is a destructive plate boundary?
one plate is moving underneath another plate, this is destroying the land. e.g. mountain ranges and volcanoes.
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what is a constructive plate boundary?
two plates moving away from each other which creates new land. e.g volcanoes, new land.
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what are some similarities between the air before and after?
both have a small amount of other gases; both have carbon dioxide; both have water vapour.
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what are some differences between before and after?
before has lots of carbon dioxide but after the majority is nitrogen; before has ammonia; there is more oxygen after.
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where did the original atmosphere come from?
volcanoes
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where did the water vapour go?
it condensed and formed the sea.
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where did the oxygen come from?
it came from plants which produce oxygen as a product of photosynthesis.
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where did the carbon dioxide go?
taken by the plants from photosynthesis, some was also dissolved into the sea.
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where did the nitrogen come from?
the light split the ammonia (NH3) into nitrogen (N) and hydrogen (H). the hydrogen is too light so it floats into the atmosphere leaving the nitrogen behind.
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how much nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide is in the air?
nitrogen-78%, oxygen-21%, argon-0.9%, carbon dioxide-0.04%.
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what happens in fractional distillation?
1.the air is cooled to liquid. 2.liquid air is heated and temperatures are higher at the bottom of the column. 3.when it reaches it's boiling point, a chemical will change from liquid to gas. 4.therefore liquid gases boil at different points.
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what are some environmental issues about carbon dioxide?
creates layer around the earth which cause global warming; has an effect on sea levels rising, habitats being destroyed, extremities of weather.
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what are some environmental issues about sulfur dioxide?
acid rain; has an effect on wildlife a sit kills and damages; destroys buildings (sandstone); pollutes rivers.
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what are some ways to reduce environmental damage?
reducing fossil fuel use; reforestation; cleaning emissions (carbon capture and sulfur scrubbing); weak alkalis to neutralise soils and lakes; cleaner transport.
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what are advantages and disadvantages to using lower sulfur fuels?
prevents plant life, rivers and stucture from being destroyed (less acid rain). expensive to remove.
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what are advantages and disadvantages to using biofuels?
it's a renewable energy source. less energy rich than fossil fuels.
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what are advantages and disadvantages to using electricity?
doesn't relase fossil fuels, reduces global warming. damages land/habitats to create alternative methods e.g.solar panels, wind turbines; pollution is shifted.
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how do you test for oxygen?
1.light a splint and blow it out. 2.put the glowing splint into gas. 3.it re-lights if there's oxygen.
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how do you test for carbon dioxide?
1.pass the gas through limewater. 2.the solution turns milky if there's carbon dioxide.
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how do you test for hydrogen?
1.put a lit splint into a gas. 2.it makes a squeaky pop sound if there's hydrogen.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what is the mantle like and what's it's depth?

Back

layer of semi-molten rock that moves really slowly but all the time. 60-3000 km.

Card 3

Front

what is the outer core like and what's it's depth?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is the core like and what's it's depth?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

who first suggested the theory of continental drift (Pangaea-Supercontinent)?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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