Early Elizabethan England topic - Elizabeth's court and parliament

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Who were Elizabeth's parents?
Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
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Who was Elizabeth's predecessor and were they Catholic or Protestant?
Mary I, she was a Catholic
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What were some of Elizabeth's characteristics?
Cautious (only trusted a few advisors), Intelligent (she was very well educated), Powerful (despite having very little training in how to govern she became a very powerful and effective leader)
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why didn't people want her to rule?
1. because she was a woman and many people believed a monarch should be a man and people wanted her to find a husband or let her counsellors take over. 2. Illegitimacy - because he parents marriage was dissolved, H declared E illegitimate
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What was Elizabeth expected to do?
get married and produce an heir
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what was the risk if Elizabeth did not produce an heir?
civil war with many different groups competing for the throne
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what was the problem with marrying a European King or prince
that country would have too much influence over England
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what problem occurred when Mary I married King Philip II of Spain
Philip forced England into an expensive war with France resulting in the loss of the strategic port town of Calais
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what was the issue with marrying a member of English nobility?
that there was be resentment amongst those who were not chosen
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What was the issue with marrying a catholic?
the growing anti catholic feeling in England meant that this person would be unpopular
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why would Elizabeth not marry?
women were expected to obey their husbands and Elizabeth didn't want to lose any of her power
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what happened in 1557?
Mary I took England to war with France in support of her husband
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what happened in 1558?
the french conquered Calais which increased the risk of a french invasion
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what was agreed in 1559?
peace with france
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why did Elizabeth try to avoid foreign wars?
because England was financially weakened and she feared that raising taxes for war would be unpopular and might fuel opposition to her rule
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who did mary queen of scots marry in 1559?
the heir to the french throne
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what did mary queen of scots marriage increase the risk of?
a french invasion from scotland and try and put mary on the throne
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what happened in the late 1550's?
Scottish protestants rebelled against french rule and asked the english to help, the french were defeated
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what happened in 1560?
Mary Queen of Scots husband died
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what happened under King Edward VI?
huge sums of money had been spent on wars with Scotland
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who apart from Edward spent too much money?
Mary I
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how did Mary I decrease Elizabeths income?
she had sold off land to pay off debts
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what was wrong with the tax system?
ordinary people paid high taxes and the nobility and gentry paid less than they owed
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what was England suffering high levels of?
inflation
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who were the hardest hit by inflation?
the urban poor
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was was England's population doing?
rising
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where did most people live?
rural areas but urban areas were growing rapidly
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what was economy dominated by?
agriculture and woollen cloth exports
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where were merchants starting to trade with?
asia and the americas
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who was english society dominated by?
land owning aristocracy of nobility and gentry
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what were there a growing number of?
wealthy men who made money from being lawyers or merchants
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who were the royal court?
a large group of people who surrounded the monarch at all times
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who were Elizabeth's favourites?
the Earl of Leicester ( Robert Dudley), Sir Walter Raleigh, he gave her valuable gifts, including the right to colonise the New World and Christopher Hatton, she made him lord chancellor
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what were courtiers expected to do?
flatter Elizabeth, shower her with gifts and pretend to be in love with her
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what were some courtly pass times?
plays, concerts, hunting, jousting and tennis
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how would you gain political power?
by getting close to Elizabeth, having a place at the court
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What did patronage involve?
handing out titles and offices which gave men a source of income
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where was patronage distributed?
at court
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what did Elizabeth's use of patronage ensure?
loyalty and political stability
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how did they become more loyal?
depended on Elizabeth for some of their income and their status
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what did local governments enforce?
national laws
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what were most government positions?
unpaid
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why did members of the nobility and gentry volunteer as local government officials?
as a symbol of nobility and status
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what was an important local government position?
justice of the peace
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what was the justice of the peace in charge of?
administering national policies like the poor laws and taxation in their counties and enforcing law and order, they also looked after local issues such as maintaining sewers and roads
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what were Lord Lieutenants?
member of local government, appointed by the Queen who were in charge of the Justices of the Peace, they had an important military role
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what happened to the number of Lord Lieutenants and Justices of the Peace at the end of the 16th century?
they increased
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what were the two main roles of the privy council?
advice the Queen and they managed the administration of government
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who was on the privy council?
20 men all chosen by Elizabeth, they had to be close to the queen and they were the most trusted advisors
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who was william cecil?
became her closest advisor, he led the privy council, she gave him several titles and he served Elizabeth until his death
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who were some other key ministers?
Francis Walsingham and Nicholas Bacon
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what are the two chambers of the houses of parliament?
the house of lords and the house of commons
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what were parliaments three main functions?
advice, taxation and legislation
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how were parliaments powers limited?
The Queen had the power to summon and close parliament, they were not free to decide which topics they debated
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who helped Elizabeth run parliament?
the privy council
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some examples of when parliament did not agree with Elizabeth
they were concerned about succession, some puritan mps challenged the religious settlement, some were worried about the threat of Mary Queen of Scots
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what did Elizabeth use to maintain political support?
propaganda
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what were some examples of propaganda?
her portraits portrayed her to be very powerful and pure and that she was married to her people, there were plays that emphasised her power, she journeyed across the country allowing the public to see and praise her
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Who was Elizabeth's predecessor and were they Catholic or Protestant?

Back

Mary I, she was a Catholic

Card 3

Front

What were some of Elizabeth's characteristics?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

why didn't people want her to rule?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What was Elizabeth expected to do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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