refers to strength (or force) of sound and hence volume
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Stylistic Indicators
- Dolce (sweet) - Cantabile (singing style) - Con forza (with gusto/force) - Tranquillo (Tranquil) - Rubato (playing around with time) - Various tempo changes
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Dynamics also include
Accented notes
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Terrace dynamics
Dynamic volume levels shift abruptly from soft to loud and back without gradual crescendos and decrescendos
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Changes in volume
Crescendo/decrescendo
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Instrumental techniques
glissando (sliding between notes) con sordino (mute) distortion guitar pedal effects Portamento (glissando but for voice)
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