Drugs

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What is a drug?
A drug is a chemical substance that alters chemical reactions.
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How can drugs affect you?
Drugs can affect you physically and psychologically.
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Where can drugs be found?
Plants produce a variety of chemicals- can be used as drugs to treat human diseases or relieve symptoms.
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What are 2 examples of drugs creates from chemicals found in plants?
Asprins (painkiller or relieve symptoms) found in willow. Digitalis (treat heart conditions) found in fox gloves.
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What are the five stages of drug testing?
1. Testing on human cells/tissues. 2. Testing on live animals. 3. Phase 1 clincal trials. 4. Phase 2 clinical trials. 5. Licensing and prescribing.
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What is the point of the first stage in testingl?
To see if the drug is effective on real tissues- does I cause any damage?
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What is the point of the second stage in testingl?
Used to find if the drug is toxic.
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What is Phase 1 Clinical trials and why?
Healthy volunteers are tested with low doses to ensure the drug has no un-wanted side effects. To test toxicity.
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What is Phase 2 Clinical trials and why?
Selected individuals with the relevant illness are used to test effectiveness and side effects. Used to prove that the drug is effective on humans.
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What is a placebo and why is it use?
A placebo is a tablet with no drug, used as a control in testing new drugs. Used in drug trials to see if the drug works
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What is a double-blind trial?
A double-blind trial is a trial where neither the researchers nor the patients know what their getting.
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What is a single-blind trial?
Is that the researchers know what the drug is and the patients don’t.
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Why it is important that the placebo is exactly the same in apperance and how is it adminstered?
It is important that the placebo is exactly the same in appearance so no one gets suspicious because if they were suspicious they could influence the outcome. It is administered in the exact same way as any other drug.
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What factors might take into account doctor before deciding which treatment to use for a patient?
Any un-wanted side effects, other medication and other medical conditions.
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What should be similar in a group a volunteers during drug testing?
Age, gender, eqaul numbers in groups, habits eg: smoking and fitness.
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In phase 1 clinical trials, healthy volunteers are used rather that patients, why?
Doses too low and higher risk of conflict with other treatments.
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What is the main purpose of stage/phase 2 and 3 in testing?
Testing on large samples.
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Why might trials not be justified?
Trials too short, not repeated, too small numbers and effect on humans to animals may differ.
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Card 2

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How can drugs affect you?

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Drugs can affect you physically and psychologically.

Card 3

Front

Where can drugs be found?

Back

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Card 4

Front

What are 2 examples of drugs creates from chemicals found in plants?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the five stages of drug testing?

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