How did Geoffrey Hosking characterize the zemstva?
"Believed themselves to constitute a kind of alternative establishment more truly representative of the Russian nation and more truly able to serve it than the regime was".
4 of 21
How did secondary schools increase during the 1860s?
Doubled.
5 of 21
Why did the economy remain weak?
1/3 of expenditure went towards repaying debt.
6 of 21
What was the response to a report of poverty and corruption in churches?
The Ecclesiastical Commission.
7 of 21
When was censorship laws relaxed?
1865
8 of 21
Give a quote from Alexander II presenting him as a liberal.
All should enjoy "the fruits of his own labours".
9 of 21
How does Hugh Seton-Watson summarise Alexander II's reign?
"could not compromise between autocracy and modern liberal constitutional development."
10 of 21
Give an opinion of the reforms.
"Although reforms were conceptually limited, poorly excecuted, incomplete, unsustained and insecure, the measures enacted by Alexander II nevertheless transformed the Russian Empire." - Lincoln
11 of 21
Lincoln thought that by the end of Alexander's reign...
"The concept of the state embodied in the person of the autocracy was in no way altered.
12 of 21
How many disturbances in 1861?
Over 1,000.
13 of 21
What were Kulaks?
Wealthier peasants who could hire labour.
14 of 21
Give a quote from Alexander II about his inheritance.
When he was younger he told a tutor "I wish I hadn't been born a grand Duke."
15 of 21
How does Saunders imagine him?
Dim, weak and indecisive.
16 of 21
What did Nicholas I tell his son before he died?
"hold on to everything."
17 of 21
Give one interpretation of the Russia during the 1860s.
Chicherin - A land of "civil decency and freedom".....
18 of 21
What did Alexis de Tocquerilles say about the reforms?
"The weight, although less heavy, seems all the more unbearable"
19 of 21
How many died in the Crimean War?
700,000
20 of 21
How did Chubarov describe the reforms?
"half hearted"
21 of 21
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What effect did the zemstvo have?
Back
Improved roads and hospitals.
Card 3
Front
Give one limitation of the zemstva.
Back
Card 4
Front
How did Geoffrey Hosking characterize the zemstva?
Back
Card 5
Front
How did secondary schools increase during the 1860s?
Comments
No comments have yet been made