DNA replication and recombination

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A DNA molecule or region that replicates as an individual unit is called a __________
Replicon
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There were three models considered to explain DNA synthesis: conservative, dispersive and _______________
Semiconservative
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All known mechanisms initiate DNA synthesis with a short RNA molecule known as a
Primer
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Nucleotide monomers can be added only to the ____ end of the growing daughter strand
3'
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The strands are antiparrallel, because of this, strand elongation can only take place in one direction - giving rise to _____________ strand
Leading/lagging
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There are a lot of incorporation errors, where the wrong nucleotide is added, these are almost always corrected immediatley after by __________ enzymes
Proofreading
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Replication is known as _________________
Semiconservative
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Evidence for the semiconservative replication was given by
Matthew Melson and Franklin Stahl
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In the Meselson-Stahl experiment, heavy 15N isotopes and a __________ were used
Ultracentrifuge
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In humans thymidine was replaced with _____, and is incorporated into the newly synthesized strands
BudR
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The Taylor-Woods-Hughes experiment demonstrates the semiconservative mode of replication of DNA in _______
Root tips of Vicia Faba
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The primer in eukaryotes is produced by a special type of DNA polymerase called
Polymerase alpha
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During chain elongation, DNA polymerase acts in conjunction with other proteins forming a complex known as _________
DNA polymerase complex
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In eukaryotes, ________ is responsible for elongation of RNA-DNA primer produced by the primosome
Polymerase delta
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DNA synthesis proceeds by the elongation of primer chains always in the __________ direction
5' - 3'`
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_____________ of DNA polymerases is important in correcting incorporation errors during elongation
Exonuclease activity
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The 3' to 5' exonuclease activity is called
Proofreading
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The genetic significance of proofreading is that it is an error correcting mechanism that serves to reduce the frequency of mutation resulting from the incorporation if incorrect ___________ in DNA replication
Nucleotides
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The lagging strand of DNA synthesis is made in pieces, called _______
Precursor/Okazaki fragments
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The precursor fragments have to be stitched together, this requires removal of the primer and replacement with a ________ and joining where adjacent DNA fragments contact
DNA sequence
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Separation of the DNA is performed by
DNA helicase
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Torsional stress is seen when unwinding the DNA, this is removed by
DNA topoisomerase 1, or gyrase
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RPA or replication protein A unwinds the RNA and a bit of DNA from the double helix and stabilises the single strand by
Binding to it
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A helicase protein requires _____ to drive the unwinding reaction
ATP
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_____ relieves torsional stress by cleaving both strands, swiveling them then rejoining them
Gyrase
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Enzymes capable of catalyzing breakage and rejoining of DNA strands are known as ___________
Topoisomerases
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Replication in eukaryotes is __________
Bidirectional
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DNA _________ catalyzes formation of a phosphodiester linkage
Ligase
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Adding dideoxyribose instead of deoxyribose will ________ DNA replication
Terminate
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Ionizing radiation causes __________
Single and double strand breaks
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Bases can be alkylated, adding CH3 CH3CH2 etc, and deaminated by losing _________
Amino group
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Two thymines can move closer together and in the prescence of ultraviolet radiation, form a ________
Dimer
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The most common source of UV damage is _________
Overindulging in the sun
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Mutations in NER genes are associated with ________ groups of diseases
Three
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Xeroderma pigmentosum, cockayne syndrome and trychothiodystrophy are all associated with mutations in __________ genes
NER
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Inherited mutations in DNA repair genes cause genetic disease in humans, which usually _________ patients to develop cancers
Predispose
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

There were three models considered to explain DNA synthesis: conservative, dispersive and _______________

Back

Semiconservative

Card 3

Front

All known mechanisms initiate DNA synthesis with a short RNA molecule known as a

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Nucleotide monomers can be added only to the ____ end of the growing daughter strand

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

The strands are antiparrallel, because of this, strand elongation can only take place in one direction - giving rise to _____________ strand

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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