DNA

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  • Created by: Lois
  • Created on: 26-05-15 12:47
What is DNA made of?
DNA is made of nucleotides- containing pentose sugar (deoxyribose), base and phosphate
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What are the four bases?
ADENINE+THYMINE, GUANINE +CYTOSINE
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How do two nucleotides join together to form polynucleotides?
DNA nucleotides join together to form polynucleotide strands. Between each nucleotide between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another, forming sugar-phosphate backbone.
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How do two nucleotides join together to form polynucleotides?
Two nucleotide strands join together by a hydrogen bond between the bases. Each base can only join with one particular partner- this is specific base pairing. A-T and C-G
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What makes DNA good for its job?
DNA contains all the info needed to grow and develop from a fertilised egg to a fully grown adult. Therefore the DNA molecules are long and coiled (HELIX) up tightly so a lot of genetic info can fit in a small space
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What makes DNA good for its job?
Complementary base pairing / A-T and G-C so accurate replication/identical copies can be made
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What makes DNA good for its job?
Double stranded so replication can occur semi-conservatively/ strands can act as templates;
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What makes DNA good for its job?
Base sequence allows information to be stored/ base sequence codes for amino acids/protein. Pass info on to another species
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What makes DNA good for its job?
Weak hydrogen bonds so they can be easily distrupted to allow for replication and production of RNA
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What makes DNA good for its job?
Stable due to many hydrogen bonds
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What makes DNA good for its job?
Sugar-phosphate (backbone)/double stranded/helix so provides strength/stability /protects bases/protects hydrogen bonds;
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How is DNA stored in Eukaryotes:
Linear- histone proteins. DNA molecules exist as chromosomes. The DNA molecules is really long so it is wound around proteins so it can fit in the nucleus. The histones support the DNA and it is coiledup tightly to make a chromosome
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DNA in prokaryotes?
DNA molecules are shorter and circular. No chromosomes but instead supercoiled to fit into the cell
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What is a gene?
Gene is a section of DNA found on a chromosome which codes for polypetide
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DNA/Genes
proteins are made from amino acids. Different proteins have a different number and order of amino acids. It is the order of nucleotide bases in a gene that determines the order of AA in a particular protein. Each AA is coded for by 3 bases (triplet c
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Intron?
A section of DNA which does not code for amino accids
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Exon?
Codes for amino acid (expressed)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the four bases?

Back

ADENINE+THYMINE, GUANINE +CYTOSINE

Card 3

Front

How do two nucleotides join together to form polynucleotides?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How do two nucleotides join together to form polynucleotides?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What makes DNA good for its job?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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