Nucleic acids

?
  • Created by: amm242
  • Created on: 15-05-18 12:12
Descrice nucleotide structrure
Pentose sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen-containing organic base
1 of 28
How are nucleotides joined?
Condensation reactions form phosphodiester bond between deoyribose sugar and phosphate group
2 of 28
How is RNA different to DNA?
Single short polynucleotide chain and uracil replaces thymine
3 of 28
Name DNA's four organic bases
Adenine & thymine, cytosine & guanine
4 of 28
Why is DNA a stable molecule?
Phosphodiester backbone protects reactive bases, hydrogen bonds form bridges between complementary organic bases
5 of 28
Why is DNA described as antiparallel?
Strands run in opposite directions, one 3' to 5' the other 5' to 3'
6 of 28
What is the function of DNA?
Hereditary material that passes genetic information from cell to cell and through generations
7 of 28
Why must DNA be replicated before nuclear division?
Ensures all daughter cells have correct genetic information
8 of 28
What is semi-conservative replication?
DNA strands unwind and seperate so each new copy has one new strand and one old strand
9 of 28
What is the function of DNA helicase?
Breaks H bonds inbetween bases to split the two strands
10 of 28
What happens to the free nucleotides?
Specific base pairing to complementary bases
11 of 28
What is the function of DNA polymerase?
Joins nucleotides with phosphodiester bonds
12 of 28
What is the structure of ATP?
Adenine, ribose and three phosphate groups
13 of 28
How does ATP store energy?
Bonds between phosphate groups are unstable (low Ea) so are easily broken to release lots of energy
14 of 28
What is the function of ATP hydrolase?
Catalyses hydrolysis reaction of ATP to form ADP, Pi & energy
15 of 28
How is ATP reformed?
Condensation reaction using ATP synthase to add Pi to ADP
16 of 28
Why is ATP a good immediate energy source?
Releases less energy than glucose so quantities more manageable, much quicker to hydrolyse
17 of 28
Name one process ATP is used in
Metabolic processes - provides energy to make macromolecules from basic units
18 of 28
Why is water a dipolar molecule?
Oxygen has -ve charge, Hydrogen has +ve charge
19 of 28
How does water bond to each other?
Opposite poles attract forming H bonds
20 of 28
Why is water difficult to heat up?
Specific heat capacity makes sure small temperature changes do not effect external and internal conditions
21 of 28
What is latent heat vaporisation?
Lots of energy is needed to evaporate small amount of water - sweating is effective
22 of 28
Why is it important that water is has cohesion and tension?
Cohesion - sticks together so can be pulled up xylem vessels, tension - surface supports pond skaters
23 of 28
Why is water important in metabolism?
Hydrolysis reactions, photosynthesis and aqueous medium
24 of 28
What is the function of iron ions?
Haemoglobin - transport oxygen
25 of 28
What is the function of phosphate ions?
DNA structure and energy stores in ATP
26 of 28
What is the function of hydrogen ions?
Determine pH of solutions for enzymes
27 of 28
What is the fucntion of sodium ions?
Transport glucose
28 of 28

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How are nucleotides joined?

Back

Condensation reactions form phosphodiester bond between deoyribose sugar and phosphate group

Card 3

Front

How is RNA different to DNA?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Name DNA's four organic bases

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why is DNA a stable molecule?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all Cellular processes resources »