DNA

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What does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid - the chemical that all of the genetic material in a cell is made up from
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What is the basic structure of DNA?
a polymer that is made up of two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix
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What does each gene code for?
a specific/particular sequence of protein/amino acids which are put together to make a specific pattern
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How many amino acids are there?
20
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Give two examples of proteins that the cell produces.
haemoglobin and keratin
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Genome
the entire set of genetic material in an organism
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Why is understanding the human genome an important tool for science and medicine?
allows scientists to identify genes that are linked to different diseases; knowing which genes are linked to inherited diseases helps develop effective treatments; can trace migration of certain populations of people over the world
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What is DNA made up of?
polymers that are made up of lots repeating units called nucleotides
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What does each nucleotide consist of?
one phosphate molecule, one sugar molecule and one 'base' - the sugar and phosphate form the 'backbone'
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What are the bases?
adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), thymine (T)
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What are the bonds like between the bases?
triple bond between C and G; double bond between A and T
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What does mRNA do? (1 mark)
carries the code to the ribosomes
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How many bases code for an amino acid?
three
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Where are proteins made?
on tiny structures called ribosomes in the cell cytoplasm
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What does mRNA do? (3 mark)
because the DNA is too big to move out of the nucleus, the DNA copies the code and the mRNA carries the code between the DNA and the ribsome and acts as a messenger
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What does mRNA stand for?
messenger RNA
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What does tRNA stand for?
transfer RNA
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the basic structure of DNA?

Back

a polymer that is made up of two strands coiled together in the shape of a double helix

Card 3

Front

What does each gene code for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How many amino acids are there?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give two examples of proteins that the cell produces.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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